Male Reproductive System In the name of God Male Reproductive System

Aims:  TO REVIEW THE COMPONENTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM  TO CHARACTERIZE THE GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE TESTIS  TO IDENTIFY THE HISTOLOGY OF THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT AND ACCESSORY GLANDS

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Male reproductive system is consists of Testes Genital ducts - Intratesticular - Extratesticular Accessory glands - Seminal vesicles prostate gland bulbourethral glands (of Cowper) Copulatory organ - Penis

Counterecurrent heat exchange system The pampiniform plexus helps to regulate testicular temperature, allowing sperm maturation. The plexus surrounds the testicular arteries and works as a countercurrent heat-exchange system to cool the arterial blood before it enters the testis. Along with the pampiniform plexus of veins, temperature in the testis is controlled by sweat glands on the scrotum and by the cremaster muscle, which controls the proximity of the testis to the body.

Hydrocele cryptochidism

Dr. Maria Zahiri

 TESTIS Tunica vaginalis is a peritoneal outpouching that form a serous cavity that partially surrounds testis

 TESTIS

Reinke crystals are rod-like cytoplasmic inclusions which can be found in Leydig cells of the testes  Occurring only in adult humans and wild bush rats, their function is unknown.  can be visualized using Giemsa, trichrome, Gram, and PAS stains.  Reinke crystals are rare in normal testes, but are found in approximately 1/3 of all Leydig cell tumours These crystals are named after the German anatomist Friedrich Berthold Reinke

Blood testis barrier

 SPERMATOGENESIS THREE PHASES: SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES (1) Spermatogonial Phase (Mitosis) - spermatogonia proliferate by mitotic divisions to provide stem cells and cells which will proceed through spermatogenesis (1º spermatocytes) (2) Spermatocyte Phase (Meiosis) - diploid cells (2n) created in spermatogonial phase give rise to haploid cells (1n) - Meiosis I (reduction division) & Meiosis II (equatorial division) - 1º spermatocytes enter Meiosis I to form 2º spermatocytes which then enter Meiosis II and result in spermatids 5 exchange of genetic material in MI via crossing over (3) Spermatid Phase (Spermiogenesis) - spermatid differentiation into spermatazoa

 SPERMATOGENESIS Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Golgi complex Bridge to adjacent spermatid - acrosome formation; golgi granules fuse to form acrosome that contains hydrolytic enzymes which will enable the spermatozoa to move through the investing layers of the oocyte Acrosome Acrosomal vesicle Nucleus Head Axoneme Mitochondria - flagellum formation; centrioles and associate axoneme (arrangement of microtubules in cilia) Basal body Midpiece of tail Flagellum Excess cytoplasm 1 Appearance of acrosomal vesicle and flagellum in spermatid - changes in size and shape of nucleus; chromatin condenses and shedding of residual body (cytoplasm) 2 Growth of acrosome and flagellum 3 Shedding of excess cytoplasm 4 Mature sperm Figure 27.16

Oligospermia V:<2 cc N: 10- 20 Orchitis

 EFFERENT DUCTULES CONNECT RETE TESTIS WITH EPIDIDYMIS IRREGULAR LUMINAL APPEARANCE DUE TO TALL CILIATED CELLS AND SHORT NON-CILIATED CELLS CILIATED CELLS BEAT TOWARD EPIDIDYMIS; THIN LAYER OF SMOOTH MUSCLE ALSO AIDS MOVEMENT INTO EPIDIDYMIS 6

 EPIDIDYMIS RECEIVES EFFERENT DUCTULES DIVIDED INTO HEAD, BODY, AND TAIL PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM CONSISTING OF PRINCIPAL AND BASAL CELLS SMOOTH MUSCLE IN HEAD AND TAIL CONTRACT SPONTANEOUSLY; SMOOTH MUSCLE IN TAIL REQUIRES SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION FOR CONTRACTION 7

EPIDIDYMIS STEREOCILIA MATURE SPERM epididymus-04

EFFERENT DUCTULES EPIDIDYMIS epididymus-06

EFFERENT DUCTULES EPIDIDYMIS epididymus-07

epididymus-08 EPIDIDYMIS

 VAS DEFERENS CONNECTS EPIDIDYMIS WITH SEMINAL VESICLES PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM SMOOTH MUSCLE ARRANGED IN 3 LAYERS 8

 VAS DEFERENS 9

VAS DEFERENS H&E vas-02

 SEMINAL VESICLES 13

 SEMINAL VESICLES 14

 PROSTATE SIMPLE OR PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM 30-50 TUBULOALVEOLAR GLANDS WHICH EMPTY INTO URETHRA PROSTATIC SECRETIONS RICH IN CITRIC ACID, ACID PHOSPHATASE, AND PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES 10

 PROSTATE SIMPLE OR PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM 12

 PROSTATE PROSTATIC CONCRETIONS precipitation of secretory product Corpora amylacea are small hyaline masses of unknown significance found in the prostate gland, neuroglia, and pulmonary alveoli They are derived from degenerate cells or thickened secretions and occur more frequently with advancing age. While their significance is unknown, they can be used to identify these organs microscopically 11

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) PSA is produced for the ejaculate, where it liquefies semen in the seminal coagulum and allows sperm to swim freely  It is also believed to be instrumental in dissolving cervical mucus allowing the entry of sperm into the uterus

Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) Glands Its fibroelastic capsule contains smooth muscle cells as well as skeletal muscle fibers derived from urogenital diaphragm Compound tubuloacinar glands with simple cuboidal to simple columnar Gland acini surrounded by smooth muscle Secretion is clear mucous released during sexual arousal for lubrication

Penis 3 cylindrical masses of highly vascularized erectile tissue 2 corpora cavernosa are dorsal 1 corpus spongiosum is ventral and surrounds urethra Each of them enclosed by dense fibrous CT known as tunica albugina corpus spongiosum end as a bulbous portion known as glans of penis A common loose CT sheath surrounding all three corpora Outer covering is skin Skin form a retractable sheath over glans which is called prepuce Prepuce lined by nonkeratinized stratified epithelium

Penis Erectile tissue consists of venous spaces lined by unfenestrated endothelium and separated by septa of connective tissue and smooth muscle Septa of corpus spongiosum has more elastic fiber and less smooth muscle Capillary plexus in septa supply some blood to vascular spaces The main source of blood during erection that flow into spaces are from helical arteries Blood flows into venous spaces during erection and smooth muscle contraction slows outflow of blood

Urethra 15 – 20 cm long in male Prostatic urethra 3- 4 cm long located in prostate, and is lined by transitional epithelium Membranous urethra 1-2 cm long, it is pass through urogenital diaphragm, is lined by stratified columnar with patches of Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Spongy urethra(Penile) 15 cm long, is lined by stratified columnar with patches of pseudostratified columnar epithelium In the glans (the navicular fossa) it is lined by stratified squamous Mucous glands of Littre found along urethra in lamina propria and subepithelial loose connective tissue

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