Bioinformatic PhD. course Bioinformatics Xavier Messeguer Peypoch (http://www.lsi.upc.es/~alggen) LSI Dep. de Llenguatges i Sistemes Informàtics BSC Barcelona.

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Bioinformatic PhD. course Bioinformatics Xavier Messeguer Peypoch ( LSI Dep. de Llenguatges i Sistemes Informàtics BSC Barcelona Supercomputing Center Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya

Contents 1. Biological introduction Exact Extended Approximate 4. Projects: PROMO, MREPATT, … 5. Sequence assembly 2. Comparison of short sequences ( up to bps) Dot Matrix Pairwise alignment Multiple alignment 3. Comparison of large sequences ( more that bps) Data structures Suffix treesMUMs 4. String matching

Contents 1. Biological introduction Exact Extended Approximate 4. Projects: PROMO, MREPATT, … 5. Sequence assembly 2. Comparison of short sequences ( up to bps) Dot Matrix Pairwise alignment Multiple alignment 3. Comparison of large sequences ( more that bps) Data structures Suffix treesMUMs 4. String matching

Genoma Els cromosomes són els volums d’una enciclopèdia anomanada Genoma. Cél.lula Nucli Teixit Les lletres, les paraules i les frases com són? El cromosomes contenen les instruccions necessàries per viure i reproduir-se.

Dna STRUCTURE 1953 – Watson and Crick discover the structure of DNA 1953 – Rosalind Franklin X difraction image of DNA

Cromosomes: les lletres Llavors un cromosoma serà:... A T A G G C T A C G C A A A C C G G T C T A... Dues cadenes de DNA: alfabet quatre bases { A, C, G, T} complementàries (A T, G C) Base

Cromosomes: les lletres... G A C T... Llavors G A C T = A G T C Les paraules i les frases com són?... C T G A.. Si busquem GACT dins la seqüència CACGACTATACGATATCGACTCATACGAGTCGTACGTA

Cromosomes: les frases i les paraules DNA: PromotorGen DNA: (gana matí estiu)(Torrades amb mantega i melmelada) DNA:

Cromosomes: activació d’una instrucció Transcripció DNA: PromotorGen DNA: (gana matí estiu)(Torrades amb mantega i melmelada) DNA: RNA:

Transcription

Cromosomes: activació d’una instrucció Traducció Transcripció Maduració DNA: PromotorGen DNA: (gana matí estiu)(Torrades amb mantega i melmelada) DNA: RNA:

Cromosomes: activació d’una instrucció Traducció Transcripció Maduració DNA: PromotorGen DNA: (gana matí estiu)(Torrades amb mantega i melmelada) DNA: RNA: Síntesi Com passa dins de la cel.lula?

Dogma central de la biologia molecular

Síntesi de les proteïnes Dins la cel.lula: mol/celtipus mRNA tRNA >3000 Proteïnes

Cromosomes: activació d’una instrucció Traducció Transcripció Maduració DNA: PromotorGen DNA: (gana matí estiu)(Torrades amb mantega i melmelada) DNA: RNA: Plegament: quines fases té?

Plegament de la proteïna

Proteins

QIKDLLVSSSTDLDTTLVLVNAIYFKGMW KTAFNAEDTREMPFHVTKQESKPVQMMCM NNSFNVATLPAEKMKILELPFASGDLSML VLLPDEVSDLERIEKTINFEKLTEWTNPN TMEKRRVKVYLPQMKIEEKYNLTSVLMAL GMTDLFIPSANLTGISSAESLKISQAVHG AFMELSEDGIEMAGSTGVIEDIKHSPESE QFRADHPFLFLIKHNPTNTIVYFGRYWSP

Activació d’una instrucció (a l’inversa) Traducció Transcripció Maduració DNA: PromotorGen DNA: (gana matí estiu)(Torrades amb mantega i melmelada) DNA: RNA: Plegament

Traducció Alfabet RNA {A,C,G,U} Alfabet proteïnes {A,I,H,…} Llavors la informació està codificada com ACUCCAUUCUUUAACAGGGCCAUAUCGGCUAUAGGCCGAGUUAGGUA CGAUUAGCACGGAUACUAGCAUAUGCAUCGUAUAGCAUCGAUUAGAA ACUCCAUUCUUUAACAGGGCCAUAUCGGCUAAGGCCGAGUUAGGUACGAUUAGCACGGAUAUAGCAUAUGCAUCGUAUAGCAUCGAUUAG que és la traducció de LRRLPGAATXXYRTFAAGTRRRXXXWA Traducció Transcripció Maduració RNA: Gen:

Maduració està distribuïda en trossos ACUCCAUUCUUUAAACCGUACUACACACACUACUGAUCGACGAUUACGACGACGAAAGGGCCAUAUCGGCUAACUACAUCAUAGACAACAUC ACGGAUCGUCUAAGGCCGAGUUAGGUACGAUUAACGUACGACUACCUAUCGUAUAUACAUCACGGAUAUAACCUAUCUACUACGAUUAACAC GAUCUAUCGUACGGCAUAUGCAUCGUAUAGCAUCGAUUAGAAU La informació UCUCCAUUCUUUAACAGGAUAUCGGCUAAGGCCGAGUUAGGUACGAUUAGCACGGAUAUAGCAUAUGCAUCGUAUAGCAUCGAUUAGAAU Traducció Transcripció Maduració RNA: Gen: UCUCCAUUCUUUAACAGGAUAUCGGCUAAGGCCGAGUUAGGUACGAUUAGCACGGAUAUAGCAUAUGCAUCGUAUAGCAUCGAUUAGAAU ACUCCAUUCUUUAAACCGUACUACACACACUACUGAUCGACGAUUACGACGACGAAAGGGCCAUAUCGGCUAACUACAUCAUAGACAACAUC ACGGAUCGUCUAAGGCCGAGUUAGGUACGAUUAACGUACGACUACCUAUCGUAUAUACAUCACGGAUAUAACCUAUCUACUACGAUUAACAC GAUCUAUCGUACGGCAUAUGCAUCGUAUAGCAUCGAUUAGAAU LRRLPGAATXXYRTFAAGTRRRXXXWA

Maduració Traducció Transcripció Maduració RNA: Gen: UCUCCAUUCUUUAACAGGAUAUCGGCUAAGGCCGAGUUAGGUACGAUUAGCACGGAUAUAGCAUAUGCAUCGUAUAGCAUCGAUUAGAAU ACUCCAUUCUUUAAACCGUACUACACACACUACUGAUCGACGAUUACGACGACGAAAGGGCCAUAUCGGCUAACUACAUCAUAGACAACAUC ACGGAUCGUCUAAGGCCGAGUUAGGUACGAUUAACGUACGACUACCUAUCGUAUAUACAUCACGGAUAUAACCUAUCUACUACGAUUAACAC GAUCUAUCGUACGGCAUAUGCAUCGUAUAGCAUCGAUUAGAAU LRRLPGAATXXYRTFAAGTRRRXXXWA

Transcripció DNA: Gana mati estiu Torrades amb mantegai melmelada ………………...cagctcgatacgttacgatctacgattacgatcatctatactatactatacgatatatctagatatcgatcta.ACTCCATTCTTTAAACCGTACTACACACACTAC TGATCGACGATTACGACGACGAAAGGGCCATATCGGCTAACTACATCATAGACAACATCACGGATCGTCTAAGGCCGAGTTAGGTACGATTAACGTACGAC TACCTATCGTATATACATCACGGATATAACCTATCTACTACGATTAACACGATCTATCGTACGGCATATGCATCGTATAGCATCGATTAGAAT……………….. Traducció Transcripció Maduració RNA: Gen: ACUCCAUUUAACAGGGCCAUAUCGGCUAAGGCCGAGUUAGGUACGAUUAGCACGGAUAUAGCAUAUGCAUCGUAUAGCAUCGAUUAGAAU ACUCCAUUCUUUAAACCGUACUACACACACUACUGAUCGACGAUUACGACGACGAAAGGGCCAUAUCGGCUAACUACAUCAUAGACAACAUC ACGGAUCGUCUAAGGCCGAGUUAGGUACGAUUAACGUACGACUACCUAUCGUAUAUACAUCACGGAUAUAACCUAUCUACUACGAUUAACAC GAUCUAUCGUACGGCAUAUGCAUCGUAUAGCAUCGAUUAGAAU …………….ACTCCATTCTTTAAACCGTACTACACACACTACTGATCGACGATTACGACGACGAAAGGGCCATATCGGCTAACTACATCATAGACA ACATCACGGATCGTCTAAGGCCGAGTTAGGTACGATTAACGTACGACTACCTATCGTATATACATCACGGATATAACCTATCTACTACGATTAAC ACGATCTATCGTACGGCATATGCATCGTATAGCATCGATTAGAAT…………………... Torrades amb mantega i melmelada

Cromosoma Torrades amb mantega i melmelada DNA: Torrades amb mantega i melmelada Traducció Transcripció Maduració RNA: Gen: ACUCCAUUUAACAGGGCCAUAUCGGCUAAGGCCGAGUUAGGUACGAUUAGCACGGAUAUAGCAUAUGCAUCGUAUAGCAUCGAUUAGAAU ACUCCAUUCUUUAAACCGUACUACACACACUACUGAUCGACGAUUACGACGACGAAAGGGCCAUAUCGGCUAACUACAUCAUAGACAACAUC ACGGAUCGUCUAAGGCCGAGUUAGGUACGAUUAACGUACGACUACCUAUCGUAUAUACAUCACGGAUAUAACCUAUCUACUACGAUUAACAC GAUCUAUCGUACGGCAUAUGCAUCGUAUAGCAUCGAUUAGAAU …………….ACTCCATTCTTTAAACCGTACTACACACACTACTGATCGACGATTACGACGACGAAAGGGCCATATCGGCTAACTACATCATAGACA ACATCACGGATCGTCTAAGGCCGAGTTAGGTACGATTAACGTACGACTACCTATCGTATATACATCACGGATATAACCTATCTACTACGATTAAC ACGATCTATCGTACGGCATATGCATCGTATAGCATCGATTAGAAT…………………... ………………...cagctcgatacgttacgatctacgattacgatcatctatactatactatacgatatatctagatatcgatcta.ACTCCATTCTTTAAA CCGTACTACACACACTACTGATCGACGATTACGACGACGAAAGGGCCATATCGGCTAACTACATCATAGACAACATCACGGATC GTCTAAGGCCGAGTTAGGTACGATTAACGTACGACTACCTATCGTATATACATCACGGATATAACCTATCTACTACGATTAACAC GATCTATCGTACGGCATATGCATCGTATAGCATCGATTAGAAT……………….. DNA: Els gens ocupen el 8% del genoma ?

Part d’un cromosoma TACGTATACTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGT ACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGCGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAG CTACGCATGCCTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCA CACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGACGATCGTACG GTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGATGCTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGC GACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCCGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTGCATC GATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGC GACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATC ACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGATGCTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCT AGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCT ACGATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTCGATG CGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGT ACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTG CATGCTAGCGATGCTACGACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGATGCTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACAC CGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTAC GATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACG ATGCTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTAC GTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGAT GCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGGTACGATCGTCGATCGTcagctcgatacgttacgatctacgattacgatcatctatactatactatacgatatatctagatatcgatcta.ACTCCATTCTTTAAACCGTACTACACACACTA CTGATCGACGATTACGACGACGAAAGGGCCATATCGGCTAACTACATCATAGACAACATCACGGATCGTCTAAGGCCGAGTTAGGTACGATTAACGTACGACTACCTATCGTATATACATCACGGATATAACCTATCTACTACGATTAACACGATC TATCGTACGGCATATGCATCGTATAGCATCGATTAGAATACGTATACGTACGATCGTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACG ATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACC GCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCT ACGCATGCCTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACA CGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGACGATCGTACGGTA CACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGATGCTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGAC GATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGATCGCGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGA CTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGC ACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGACGAT CGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGATGCTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGA CGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGT AGCTATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATG CGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCG TACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGC TACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGC AGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGCTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGATGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGA CGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGATGCTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATG CGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGATCGATGCTATACGACGAT CGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGT ACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGC ATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTGTCACGTAGCATGCTGACGTACGATCGATTCGATCGATCGTACGATCGTAGCTAGCTA GTCGTAGCGACGTAGGATTCACGTAGCGATGCGTAGCGTAGCATGCTGACGATGCATCGATCGATGCATCATGCTAGCGTAGCTAGCTAGCATGACTGATCGATTAACGGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACG ACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGA TGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGCTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGT ACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAG CATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGTACGATCGTATGCTAGCTAGCATGCATGCATGCATGCAT

On es troba? TACGTATACTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGT ACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGCGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAG CTACGCATGCCTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCA CACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGACGATCGTACG GTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGATGCTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGC GACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCCGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTGCATC GATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGC GACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATC ACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGATGCTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCT AGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCT ACGATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTCGATG CGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGT ACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTG CATGCTAGCGATGCTACGACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGATGCTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACAC CGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTAC GATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACG ATGCTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTAC GTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGAT GCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGGTACGATCGTCGATCGTCAGCTCGATACGTTACGATCTACGATTACGATCATCTATACTATACTATACGATATATCTAGATATCGATCTA.ACTCCATT CTTTAAACCGTACTACACACACTACTGATCGACGATTACGACGACGAAAGGGCCATATCGGCTAACTACATCATAGACAACATCACGGATCGTCTAAGGCCGAGTTAGGTACGATTAACGTACGACTACCTATCGTATATACATCACGGATATAAC CTATCTACTACGATTAACACGATCTATCGTACGGCATATGCATCGTATAGCATCGATTAGAATACGTATACGTACGATCGTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACC GCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACG TTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATG CGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGT ACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAG CGATGCTACGACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGATGCTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCAC GATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGATCGCGA TGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTAC GTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGC TGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGATGCTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTAC ACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCT ACGATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACG GTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATC ACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGGTACGTATCCT ACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTAC GTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGCTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGT ACGATGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGATGCTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACG GTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGA TGCTACGATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCA CACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACTGCATCGATGCTATACGACGATCGTAGCTACGTACGATCGTACGACGTACGTTACGTACGATCGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCG ACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTGTCACGTAGCATGCTGACGTACGATCGATTCG ATCGATCGTACGATCGTAGCTAGCTAGTCGTAGCGACGTAGGATTCACGTAGCGATGCGTAGCGTAGCATGCTGACGATGCATCGATCGATGCATCATGCTAGCGTAGCTAGCTAGCATGACTGATCGATTAACGGTACGTATCCTACGTACGA TCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGTACGGTACACCGCGCACGATCACACGATGCGACGATGCGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTAT CCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGCTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATG CAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGTACGTACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGACGATCGTACGACTGCTAGCTACGCATGCCTACGT ACGTATCCTACGTACGATCGTGCAGCATCGATGCTACGTACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGACGACGATCGATATTAATGCAATCATGCAGCTGCATGCTAGCGATGCTACGTACGATCGTATGCT AGCTAGCATGCATGCATGCATGCAT

Human genome Cromosoma 1: 246Mb ……. Cromosoma 22: 47Mb Cromosoma X: 149Mb Cromosoma Y: 58Mb 3000 milions de bases (27 enciclopèdies catalanes) 2001 – Draft of the human genome

Human chromosomes

What’s in the human genome? gene noncoding part gene coding part (2%) “parasitic” repetitive elements microsatellitesDNA long repeats

Annotation

Comparison with another genomes OrganismGenome Size (Bases)Estimated Genes Human (Homo sapiens)3000 million30,000 Laboratory mouse (M. musculus)2600 million30,000 Mustard weed (A. thaliana)100 million25,000 Roundworm (C. elegans)97 million19,000 Fruit fly (D. melanogaster)137 million13,000 Yeast (S. cerevisiae)12.1 million6,000 Bacterium (E. coli) 4.6 million3,200 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Genbank:

Homework 1.TGDSJavier14. ZFP161 2.NR1H2Dmitry15. PROZ 3.ATP5L2Ana Iris 4.MYCL3David 5.ETAA16Patricia 6.CRYBA2Rogeli 7.LOC389199Atif 8.NOS3Aina 9.FSCN3Isaac 10.C9orf122Maria Merce 11.MTTS1Romina 12.AMELYGuillem 13.BiT1Raul