Bell Ringer P. 416, Geography Skills, Question Number 1 & 2

Expansion into the New World Unit 5

Describe the impact of the competition among European countries on the various kingdoms of the Americas and Africa, including the Columbian Exchange and the slave trade. Describe the impact of the competition among European countries on the various kingdoms of the Americas and Africa, including the Columbian Exchange and the slave trade.

Columbian Exchange refers to the transfer of peoples, animals, plants, and diseases between the New and Old Worlds.  Livestock  Diseases Weakened the native population and decreased their ability to share technology, crops, etc.

Establishment of Colonial Empire The Americas were settled by the Big 4 of the time  Portugal, Spain, France and England There were a variety of different types of colonies across the territories Colonization was not unique to the America’s  India, Philippines, East Indies,

Conflict in the Colonies Seven Years’ War ( )  Between France and Great Britain  AKA French and Indian War ( ) Fought in America Ultimately led to the American Revolution

Slave Trade Europeans initially went to Africa for Gold and Ivory Slave trade grew as labor was needed in the Colonies  1 st Portugal in Brazil By the 1800’s, over ten million Africans were forcibly traded during the slave trade

The Middle Passage transportation of slaves across the Atlantic Ocean estimated that twenty percent of slaves died during the Middle Passage due to hunger, illness, disease, or suicide Roughly 85% stayed in the West Indies and Brazil

End of the Slave Trade Slave Trade act of 1807 The act abolished the Slave Trade in the British colonies. It became illegal to carry slaves in British ships  Ultimate goal was to abolish slavery

Bell Ringer Describe something from the video on the Middle Passage yesterday that impacted you or was new to you.

Explain the changes in European overseas empires during this period, including the waning of the Spanish and Portuguese empires and the struggle between empires and colonists.

Technological forces  Advances in __________made travel more efficient cartography (mapmaking), navigation shipbuilding

Joint Stock Companies the forerunner of the modern corporation The Virginia Company of London, also known as the London Company, was created by charter and established the first settlement in America.  Jamestown

Christopher Columbus an Italian sailor, led a voyage on behalf of Spain, with the permission and funding of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, in 1492  Wanted to sail west across the Atlantic to Asia  Thought he was in India named the natives Indians

Expansion European expansion during the 1600’s and 1700’s was driven by economic and technological forces. economic forces  mercantilism  capitalism

Amerigo Vespucci Explored South America in 1501 and realized that Columbus discovered new land

Other Explorers Magellan- led expedition that sailed around the world; died halfway Cortes- Conquered the Aztecs of America Pizarro- Conquered the Incans of South America Jacques Cartier- Founded Montreal Samuel Champlain- sailed to Quebec

Exit Slip Besides Columbus, what other explorer had the greatest impact on the new world…defend your answer.

Bell Ringer It is 1607, you have just stepped foot onto the North American Colony…describe what you are seeing and what your are feeling. What is the first thing you are going to do?

Victory of Cortes The Spanish success in conquering the Aztecs was the result of a number of significant issues  advanced weaponry  Guns  Cannons  diseases measles, mumps, and smallpox

Impacts of Spanish Conquests Spanish acquired vast amounts of gold and silver Made Spain one of the richest countries in the world Settled west coast of America (California) with Missionaries  San Francisco  San Diego

French in the New World the French explored and claimed areas  Great Lakes  Mississippi River  Gulf of Mexico.  They called their territory New France. Economic development in this region centered primarily on fur trade.

Jamestown founded in 1607 First permanent English settlement in America many settlers dying due to hunger, disease, and wars with the natives

Motivations of the English English settlers came to the Americas seeking religious tolerance did not agree with the practices of the Church of England (Anglicanism) and wanted to “purify” the church  Puritans  sought to develop model communities  Grew Tobacco

New Amsterdam Dutch settled in modern day New York economy was based on the fur trade and successful trading routes were developed along the Hudson River

Conflict in the New World 1700’s, European powers began to fight for control of North America  English Force Dutch to give up control of New York  Developed colonies along the Atlantic coast Conflict between English, French, Spanish and Natives was prominent

English and Spanish were more violent with natives French and Dutch worked with native populations

Reduction in Iberian Influence The Spanish Empire declined for a number of reasons, including inflation, which was a result of the influx of gold and silver from Spanish colonies  Weak middle class Portugal had a small population and limited finances