Geothermal Energy Photos of US Geological Survey

Global heat flow map prepared from the database compiled by the International Heat Flow Commission (H. N. Pollack, S. J. Hurter, and J. R. Johnson, Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 31, 1993.)

Global Geothermal Sites

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Geysers Clepsydra Geyser in Yellowstone

Hot Springs Hot springs in Steamboat Springs (CO) area.

Fumaroles Clay Diablo Fumarole (CA) White Island Fumarole New Zealand

Methods of Heat Extraction

A short glimpse at geothermal power Photo courtesy of ENEL/ERGA, Italy First experiment to produce geo- thermal power, done in Italy in 1904 by prince Ginori Conti Modern geothermal power plants in Larderello, Italy Photos: Lund

Dry Steam Schematic Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2 nd edition, 2004

Geysers dry steam field in northern California © 2000 Geothermal Education Office

Geysers Geothermal Plant The Geysers is the largest producer of geothermal power in the world.

Single Flash Steam Schematic Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2 nd edition, 2004

Flash steam plant in Japan © 2000 Geothermal Education Office

Binary Cycle Schematic Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2 nd edition, 2004

Binary plant in Nevada © 2000 Geothermal Education Office

Hot Dry Rock Technology: Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) Fenton Hill plant, NM – First EGS test facility, abandoned in

Enhanced Geothermal System 25 MW Demonstration Plant at Cooper Basin, Australia  Estimated to have 5-10 GW potential  Useful life might be years, before rock cools off too much

© 2000 Geothermal Education Office

“Blue Lagoon,” Iceland (Svartsengi Geothermal Power Plant)

Direct uses of geothermal energy are appropriate for sources below C space heating air conditioning industrial processes drying Greenhouses Aguaculture hot water resorts and pools melting snow

Geothermal greenhouse in Nigrita, Greece Cultivation of spirulina (red) algae using geothermal heat Geothermal Greenhouses

Geothermal “sun-dried” tomatos drying in Northern Greece The finished product Geothermal application in the food industry

Geothermal fish drying in Northern Iceland The finished product Fish factory in Laugar, Iceland Geothermal application in the food industry

Daily St. Louis High and Low Temperatures How can we save the heat from the summer and use it in the winter?

Residential Geothermal Heat Pump

Heat vs. Depth Profile Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2 nd edition, 2004

A typical household can save $1500 a year or more. This can give most systems a payback period of three to five years. GSHP's are more than three times as efficient as the most efficient fossil fuel furnace. They deliver three units of energy for every one unit used to power the heat-pump system.