Oceans of the Earth List the Oceans (from largest to the smallest) with percentages (Figure 1.3). Label them on your world map if you haven’t already. a. Pacific50.1 % b. Atlantic26.0 % c. Indian20.5 % d. Arctic3.4 % e. Southern

a. Made up of portions of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. b. The second largest ocean. c. The deepest ocean. d. About 5% smaller than the Atlantic ocean 2. For each of the following, indicate which ocean it applies to. Southern Atlantic Pacific Indian

e. The largest ocean. f. Has the same average depth as the Atlantic g. Has a permanent layer of sea ice on the surface. h. Covers about 50% of the earth’s surface. 2. For each of the following, indicate which ocean it applies to. Pacific Indian Arctic Pacific

3. How do seas differ from oceans in terms of size, depth, salinity and location? SIZE: Seas are much smaller DEPTH: Seas are much shallower SALINITY: Most seas are salt water but some are brackish LOCATION: Most are surrounded by land with an outlet to a major sea or ocean

Notice: Oceans surround continents…. Land surrounds seas. Seas are also small indentions around the edges of the continents

RED SEA - In the middle east - Egypt, Sudan & Ethiopia to the west - Saudi Arabia & Yemen to the east - Connects with the Indian ocean.

MEDITERREAN SEA - Europe to the North - Africa to the South

PERSIAN GULF - In the middle east - Saudi Arabia to the west - Iran (Persia) to the east - Flows into Arabian Sea

BLACK SEA - Surrounded by Europe - Connects to the Atlantic via Aegean Sea & Med Sea

ADRIATIC SEA - Surrounded by Italy in the east Bosnia, Albania, Croatia to the west.

CASPIAN SEA - Surrounded by Iran in the South - Russia, Georgia & Azerbaijan to the west. - Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan in the east. - Largest enclosed inland body of water

BALTIC SEA - Located in Northern Europe - Sweden to the east - Finland to the west. - Is brackish

4. The average depth of the world’s oceans is ft. 5.What is the deepest depth of the ocean? ft. 6. Where is the deepest point of the ocean located? 7. Where is the highest elevation on land located? Mt. 29,035 ft Challenger Deep in the Marianas 35,767 ft 12,234 36,161

8. How do they (#6 & #7) compare to each other ? The Marianas Trench Is deeper than Mt. Everest Is high. Mt. Everest can fit into the Marianas Trench. Long Way Down (click meLong Way Down (click me) Challenger Deep of the Marinas Trench (45 min)

Match each of the following to the correct explorer or vessel. ___9. Lead the first voyage to circumnavigate the world. ___10. Discovered Vinland, modern day Newfoundland. Leif ErikssonLeif Eriksson I F Click pic for video

___11. Determined the earth’s circumference to be 40,000 km. ___12. Used a bathysphere for scientific exploration. ___13. First to cross Antarctic circle and outlined the Pacific ocean. E C D Click pic for video

Match each of the following to the correct explorer or vessel. ___14. Actively explored the Atlantic and settled in Greenland and Newfoundland. ___15. Directed many of the 4000 expeditions of Alvin. Discovered the Titanic L B

Match each of the following to the correct explorer or vessel. ___16. Established a new eastern trading route around the tip of Africa. ___17. The bathyscaphe that set a deep diving record in 1960 ___18. First to circumnavigate Africa, explored the Mediterranean sea. G K J Vasco de Gama Trieste

Match each of the following to the correct explorer or vessel. ___19. Developed a chronometer that could measure longitude accurately.. ___20. Discovered life forms on the deep ocean floor and the Titanic.. H A/B

21. What islands are part of Polynesia? a. Hawaiian b. New Zealand c. Easter Islands

22. Where did Christopher Columbus actually land? 23. Where was Ferdinand Magellan killed? 24. Where was James Cook killed? 25.What disease was the number one cause of death among sailors? Caribbean (Bahamas) Philippines Hawaii Scurvy

26. What was cause of the disease? 27. What did Cook discovered could prevent the disease? Vit C deficiency Cabbage/Vitamin C

_____28. This land was discovered by Leif Ericksson. _____29. This was the first new land conquered by the Vikings. _____30. When Eric the Red was banished from Iceland, he discovered this land and started a colony. _____31. It is believed that Eric the Red may have discovered this area. B A C D

Long Way Down: Mariana Trench

Figure 1.15

A C B D

Figure 1.18a

Figure 1.18b

Figure 1.19