Chapter 2

Section 1 Colonial Period

Political Heritage leading up to the Constitution  Magna Carta  Provide the basis for the principle of limited Government  Petition of Right  Limited the Kings Power  English Bill of Right  Limited what the king could and could not do to his followers

The Thirteen Colonies Georgia South Carolina North Carolina Virginia Maryland Pennsylvania Massachusetts New Hampshire Connecticut Rhode Island New York Delaware New Jersey New England Colonies Middle Colonies Southern Colonies

Colonial Governments  First Problem is that the Colonies were so vastly different  Colonies used three basic philosophies that became integral parts of the constitution  A Written Constitution to guarantee liberties and limited power  Legislature of elected officials  Separation of powers clauses

Early form of Constitutions  Mayflower Compact  Pilgrims  The Great Fundamentals  Massachusetts  Fundamental Orders of Connecticut  Puritans

Section 2 Uniting for Independence

Colonies on their own  King James  Glorious Revolution  William and Mary  Salutary Neglect

King George Tightens the reigns  French and Indian War  Meant Colonist no longer needed protection from France  England needed money to pay for war effort  Proclamation of 1763  Stamp Act  Tea Act  Boston Tea Party  Townsend Act  Intolerable Acts  Quartering of troops  Closing down the Boston Harbor  Martial Law

Colonist fight back  Albany Plan of Union  Ben Franklin  Wanted to unite Colonies and send representatives to meet  Rejected by Colonists  Committees of Correspondence  First Continental Congress  Embargo  Second Continental Congress  Philadelphia  John Hancock – President  Army  Navy  George Washington

Independence  Thomas Paine  Call to arms  Government should be run by the people

Declaration of Independence  Thomas Jefferson  Most recognizable document in the world

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.

Series of Compromises  The Connecticut Compromise  The Great Compromise  New Jersey Plan  Virginia Plan  3/5’s Compromise  Slavery  Commerce Compromise  Electoral College Compromise  Presidential Term Compromise

Ideas Present in Constitution  Separation of Powers Clause  Checks and Balances  Judicial Review

Separation of Powers Executive Branch Legislative BranchJudicial Branch 1.President 2.Vice President 3.Cabinet 4.All other executives and secretaries who work directly for president 1.Senate 2.House of Representatives 3.All other secretaries and staff that work directly for congress 1.Supreme Court Justices and their staffs 2.All other federal courts and their staffs

Checks and Balances

Judicial Review  James Marbury  James Madison  Midnight Judges  John Adams  Thomas Jefferson