Explain Unalienable Rights, Social Contract, and Separation of Powers John Locke Unalienable Rights And Social Contract Charles Montesquieu Separation of Powers

Unalienable Rights Rights that cannot be taken away…Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness

European Exploration – Beginnings of an American Identity Study Guide

Reasons for European Exploration  Claim land  Expand Empire  Become Rich  Trade Route to Asia  Compete with European Rivals

Effects of European Exploration  European Rivalries intensify  Exchange of Plants, Animals, and Diseases  Slavery  Immigrants coming to the New World

Mercantilism  An economic system in which nations increase their wealth and power by obtaining gold and silver and establishing a favorable balance of trade  Colonies are there to benefit the mother country

Columbian Exchange  Movement of plants, animals, and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres

Joint-Stock Company  A business in which investors pool their wealth in order to turn a profit  Will send colonists to the New World to make a profit

Jamestown, Virginia  1607  First permanent English colony in the New World  Founded to make a profit  Chesapeake Region  Early years were a struggle

House of Burgesses  1619  First elected/representative assembly in the New World  Example of Self Government…colonists making their own rule/laws

Pilgrims  Separatists…they wanted to separate from the Church of England  Founded Plymouth, Massachusetts  Wrote the Mayflower Compact  Celebrated the first Thanksgiving

Mayflower Compact  1620  Written by Pilgrims  Agreement to follow the rules and laws for the good of the colony  Example of self/representative gov’t

Great Migration  Period between 1630s and 1640s in which Puritans flee England

Puritans  Wanted to purify the Church of England  Left England to avoid persecution from King James I

Roger Williams  Founder of Rhode Island…1636  Puritan  Wants to separate Church and State

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut  1639  First Constitution in the New World  Example of Self/Representative Gov’t

William Penn  Quaker  Founder of Pennsylvania…1681

Quakers  Religious Group  Believed all people should live in peace in harmony  Will live in the colony of Pennsylvania

James Oglethorpe  Founder of Georgia…1732  Created a safe haven for debtors and convicts

New England Region  Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire  Long winters and Rocky soil  Economy = Lumber, Fishing, Whaling, and Cattle

Middle Region  New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware  Milder winters and better soil than New England  Economy = Cattle, Fish, Fur, Timber, Wheat, Pigs, and Sheep

Southern Region  Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia  Excellent growing season and soil  Corn, Indigo, Pigs, Rice, and Tobacco  CASH CROPS…Slavery

Subsistence Farming  A farm that produces just enough food for the family with a little extra to trade  Practiced in the New England Region

Triangular Trade  A trade route with 3 stops

Great Awakening  A revival of religious feeling in the colonies during the 1730s and 1740s

Jonathan Edwards  Preacher during the Great Awakening  Terrified listeners when he described God’s anger  Preached that colonists could be saved

George Whitefield  Preacher during the Great Awakening  Raised funds to start a home for orphans

The Enlightenment  Movement that emphasized science and reason as the paths to knowledge  Members tended to be wealthy and educated  John Locke, Charles Montesquieu, and Benjamin Franklin

John Locke  Came up with Unalienable Rights or Natural Rights as well as Social Contract

Unalienable Rights  Rights that you are born with  Rights that can not be taken away  Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness  Property was originally one of the Unalienable Rights

Social Contract  State that Government is there to protect the rights of the people. If the government fails to do so, the people can change the government  The people agree to follow the rules/laws of the government

Magna Carta  Document signed by King John in 1215  Will be the stepping stone towards granting basic rights to the English people

Parliament  England’s chief law making body  Colonists’ model for representative government

Glorious Revolution  1688  When King James is forced to flee England and William and Mary come into power  King James wanted to bring back the Catholic Church but was overthrown

English Bill of Rights  1689  Document that was signed by William and Mary to respect the rights of English citizens and of Parliament  Rights of the people were strengthened

Salutary Neglect  The hands off policy of England towards the colonists from the 1600s to 1750s  This allowed the colonist to become accustomed to acting on their own (independent)

Push-Pull Factors  A factor that pushes people out of their native lands and pulls them toward a new place

Maryland Toleration Act (1649)  Stated all religions would be allowed in the colony of Maryland  Precursor to the First Amendment…freedom of Religion

Charles Montesquieu  Enlightenment Philosopher that came up with the idea of Separation of Powers…prevents one branch of government from having all the power