Terrorism

Definition: Terrorism is the political use of violence to weaken a hated authority.

Types of Terrorist Groups A. Separatists –Want to secede the current national government to form their own homeland –Examples: 13 colonies in the American Revolution Jews in Palestine between the World Wars PLO and Hamas in Palestine now Chechens of Chechnya want to break free from Russia Irish Republican Army (IRA) wanted to separate Northern Ireland from the U.K.

13 Colonies

PLO

Types of Terrorist Groups B. International Terrorists –Political groups who commit violent acts outside their country –Examples: Al Qaeda destroying World Trade Center

Al Qaeda

Types of Terrorist Groups C. State-sponsored terrorists –Commit violent acts that are encouraged by the government for political purposes. –Examples: CIA in Guatemala Iran and Syria sponsor the terrorist organization Hezbollah in Lebanon Janjaweed in Sudan

Hezbollah

Types of Terrorist Groups D. Domestic terrorists –Commit violent acts against their own country –Examples: Timothy McVeigh in the Oklahoma City bombing KKK Bolsheviks in the Russian Revolution

KKK

Bolsheviks; Russian Rev.

Terrorist actions include (but are not limited to): Assassinations Bombings Hostage crisis Hijackings Suicides Public executions

Why are Middle Eastern extremists so unhappy with the U.S.? A. Muslims used to be the dominant power in the world, but have since fallen behind Western countries. B. Imperialism by European countries in the 1800s and 1900s-Middle Eastern countries were forced to serve European ones. C. Israel was created by Western countries for the Jews and Muslims were pushed out. D. The US has supported oppressive monarchies in the Middle East (i.e. Iran, Egypt, S.A.)

Why are Middle Eastern extremists so unhappy with the U.S.? E. When the West modernized, it was forced to give its people more freedom, equality, and education. The Middle East is trying to decide whether or not to modernize and risk losing thier traditional values. Fundamentalists (like bin Laden) want to return to traditional ways Cities (pro-West) v. countryside (poor areas are breeding ground for fundamentalists)

Why did Bin Laden attack the U.S.? A. Lack of recognition by Saudi Arabia and Pakistan for his achievements in 1980s- both countries turned to the US for protection. B. U.S. had a strong presence in the Middle East. C. U.S. supports M.E. monarchies- Bin Laden would like them overthrown.

How to handle Terrorism? A.Allow Saudi Arabia to handle its own problems, since oil is important to everyone. B.Stop the proliferation of nukes to make sure fundamentalist nations never obtain them. C. Stay allies with moderate Muslims nations like - Turkey, Jordan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia. D. Rebuild devastated countries that are breeding grounds for terrorists.

American Terrorists: OK City Bombing -Timothy McVeigh -sentenced to death and executed June 13, passionate about guns -“The Turner Diaries” -Gulf War Vet -Arms dealer

The attack: OK City, 1995 Timothy McVeigh bombs federal building killed, 19 children -Injured more than 500

Reasons for Bombing upset with government policies on fire arms. unhappy with situation in Waco -executes bombing 2 yrs to the day after Waco. *worst attack on US soil*