What is Life?  Any living thing is called an organism  To be an organism, you must meet five criteria. 1.Must be organized into cells 2.Must respond 3.Must use energy 4.Must grow and develop 5.Must reproduce Notice: The answers are not “breaths, needs water and food”…. Why?

Cell Theory  Cells weren’t discovered until the 1600’s, why?  In 1965 Robert Hooke used his microscope to view cork, and he named the empty boxes “cells”  Over the next 200 years, Scientists made many observations that lead to the cell theory.

Cell Theory  All organisms are made up of one or more cells. (unicellular or multicellular)  The cell is the basic unit of organization in an organism.  All cells come from cells. (Cells can grow and divide, making new cells)

An Organism’s Organization  Organelles  cells  tissue  organs  systems  organism!  Mitochondria  blood cell  heart  cardiovascular system  Mrs. Bryan

What makes a cell? The Chemical Building Blocks:  Carbohydrates: provides energy for your body, examples include starches, sugars, breads, pastas  Protein: Used by the cell for almost everything including transporting, building, and repairing.  Lipid: Type of fat, makes up the cell membrane as well as stores energy.  Enzyme: A type of protein that speeds up the building and breaking down of substances in an organism. One example in the human body is saliva.

Pro and Eu Song  Prokaryotes, prokaryotes, no nucleus no nucleus  Prokaryotes, prokaryotes only bacteria  Eu….. Karyotes have a nucleus  Eu…. Karyotes have a nucleus

Cells  All living things are made up of cells.  There are two types of cells: prokaryotes and eukaryotes  Prokaryotes are only bacteria, and their cells lack a nucleus  Eukaryotes are everything living but bacteria, and their cells contain a nucleus. This includes animals, plants, fungi, and protists.  Organelles: Tiny working parts of the cell that help the cell function.  Organelle is to Cell as Organ is to Body

Cell Mambo   A little bit of Nucleus controls it all   And if it’s a plant cell it has a Cell Wall  A little Cell Membrane for in and out  Cilia and Flagella to move about  A little bit of Ribosomes to synthesize  The proteins that travel on the ER ride  A little bit of Golgi to package them  All these organelles are in your cells

Cell Wall  Cell Wall: Rigid structure that protects the cells of plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria Not part of an animal cell! This is what makes a plant “crunchy”

Cell Membrane  Protective outer covering of all cells that regulates the interaction between the cell and the environment All cells have a membrane! It is what holds the cell together.

Cytoplasm  Constantly moving gel-like mixture inside the cell membrane. The “jelly” that organelles live in

Nucleus  Organelle that controls all the activities of a cell and contains hereditary material made of proteins and DNA The “brain” of the cell.

Chloroplasts  Green, Chlorophyll-containing, plant-cell organelle that uses light energy to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water Not found in animals or fungi.

Mitochondria  Cell organelle that breaks down food and releases energy. Turns sugar into energy.

Endoplasmic Reticulum  Cytoplasmic organelle that moves materials around in a cell Delivers materials in a cell

Golgi Body  Organelles that package cellular materials and transport them. Puts pieces of proteins together

Lysosome  An organelle that contains digestive chemicals and helps break down food molecules, wastes, and old warn out cell parts. Trash collectors

Vacuole  Organelle that stores water and other items in the cell Storage Bin, Large in plant cells

Ribosomes  Small cytoplasmic structure on which cells make their own proteins. Assembly line

Bell Activity Answers 1.Nucleus 2.Chloroplast 3.Cell Membrane 4.Cell Wall 5.Mitochondria 6.Vacuole 7.Plant 8.Eukaryote

Active Transport  Movement of materials through the cell membrane using energy!  Where does the cell get this energy?  What does the mitochondria look like?  How can you remember that active transport requires energy?

Passive Transport  Movement of materials through the cell membrane without using energy.  Why would a cell need to transport some items without using energy??  What does the word passive mean?  How can you remember that passive transport does not require energy?

Osmosis  Movement of water molecules through the cell membrane.  Water gets its on special word….. why?  This is why I named the lab “Ossome carrots.  How will Ossome Carrots help you remember the word osmosis?

Diffusion  Movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration  What is concentration (think Kool Aid)?  Smelling Demonstration!  How can you remember diffusion?  This is a form of passive transportation, why?

Homeostasis!  Balance of good/bad that keeps a cell or organism healthy.  How does osmosis help with homeostasis?  What about diffusion?