So-Won Yoon (Seoul Facilities Corporation) Dong-Kun Lee (Seoul National University) Seung-hwan Oh (Seoul National University) Seong-wan Jang (Eco&Bio) International Association for Impact Assessment 7, July, COEX Convention Center, Seoul, Korea The study of the Integrated Assessment and Management System for the Artificial Ground Greening in Urban Area in Korea

Contents I. II. III. IV. Background and Objectives Materials and Methods Study Results Conclusions

Background and Objectives 1.Background 2.Objectives Chapter 1

Change of urban environment Increasing desire for planting Urban climate change Destroying balance of Ecology Environmental pollution Difficulty to maintain green area Substituting artificial space greening for natural green area Increasing necessity of artificial space greening in urban area Increasing necessity of artificial space greening in urban area Reducing opportunity to touch nature Green Urban Green Green areaUrban area High population densityEnlargement of urban area 1. Background I. Background and Objectives

1. Background energy saving Effect Rehabilitation of urban ecology Establishment of green networks Improvement of urban environment rooftop Wall of building bridge top I. Background and Objectives Improvement of urban life Overhead road top basement Car park top

Development of Integrated Assessment and Management System for Artificial Space Greening in Urban Area Development of Integrated Assessment and Management System for Artificial Space Greening in Urban Area I. Background and Objectives ▶ Need to Effective method for improving urban environment and creating ecological place in urban area ▶ Need to integrate the artificial ground greening and its effect assessment ▶ Need to offer the fundamental information for effective introduction of artificial space greening 2. Objectives

3. Contents Regional Environmental Assessment Determining areas that would most benefit from artificial space greening Construction of Database Fauna and Flora, Soil, Technology I. Background and Objectives Development of Integrated A&M System Planning and Design of System Experiment for Effect Analysis Experiment for Reduction of Temperature and Runoff Construction of Formula on the Effect of ASG

1.Concept of IAMS 2.Development of Integrated A&M System 3.Regional Enviornmental assessment 4.Construction of Database 5.Experiment for Effect Analysis Chapter 3 Study Results

Integration of Goal -Symbiosis of human and nature -Reduction of Energy use and circulation of material -Improvement of quality of life Integration of User -Designer & Planner -Policymaker -Public servant -Citizen, customer Integration of Time and Space -Consideration of future -Consideration of diverse scale Integrated Assessment System INPUT Management System selecting T. M. for making the most excellent ASG Management System selecting T. M. for making the most excellent ASG 1. Concept of IAMS I. Background and Objectives

- Considering diverse user : policymaker, public servant, engineering company, building owner, citizen Determining greening method -Input building and street information -Greening type and area -Soil type and Plant Target area selecting & effect analysis Regional vulnerability assessment & effect analysis -Birds and bugs -control of microclimate -Reduction of runoff -Effect of economy -Priority area for greening artificial ground -Heat island effect -runoff 2. Development of Integrated A&M System III. Study Results

3. Regional Environmental assessment III. Study Results Assessing Priority Area for Greening Artificial Ground

불투수성포장 대기오염심화 상습침수 에너지다소비 도시열섬현상심화 녹지부족 Non permeable pavement Non permeable pavement Air pollution area Chronic flood area High energy use area High energy use area Heat island area Green insufficiency area Green insufficiency area III. Study Results Data Analysis 3. Regional Environmental assessment

Total Assessment Map Synthesizing 6 indicators data 1 : lowest necessity to plant in AS 10 : Highest necessity to plant in AS Old downtown areas : most benefit from artificial space greening in Seoul III. Study Results 3. Regional Environmental assessment

Database for Fauna & Flora -Construction of database through monitoring 27 area in Seoul and Busan -Flora data : about 500 species -Fauna data : about 100 species 4. Construction of Database III. Study Results

-Measurement how reduce the temperature and runoff by artificial space greening in order to construct the fundamental data - Experiment unit area : 50 ㎝ x 50 ㎝ x 10 ㎝ Sedum&flower Non-plant Greening module Soil depth Type of Plant 10 ㎝ 15 ㎝ 20 ㎝ Soil quality * Msoil-10 = 펄라이트 : 버미큘라이트 : 피트모스 = 3 : 1 : 1 비율 M-soil-10 Module Experiment Unit Type Measurement Item & Point 5. Experiment for Effect Analysis III. Study Results Experiment for Reduction of Temperature

-Temperature of unit of Soil depth 10cm is 10 ℃ lower than that of concrete rooftop -Temperature of unit of planted Soil depth 10 ㎝, 15 ㎝, 20 ㎝ are each 20 ℃, 24 ℃, 26 ℃ lower than that of concrete rooftop -Planted soil brings the temperature reduction effect of more than 10 ℃ -The deeper soil depth is, the higher the temperature reduction effect is Monthly Temperature of rooftop Daily Temperature of rooftop Experiment for Reduction of Temperature III. Study Results Concrete Cement Soil(10cm) Planted S(10cm) Planted S(15cm) Planted S(20cm) temperature Concrete Cement Soil(10cm) Planted S(10cm) Planted S(15cm) Planted S(20cm) temperature 5. Experiment for Effect Analysis

Daily Temperature of Wall Greening - Temperature of greening wall is 4.4~6.3 ℃ lower than that of concrete wall - Planted wall brings the temperature reduction effect of more than 4 ℃ Experiment for Reduction of Temperature III. Study Results Concrete wall 5. Experiment for Effect Analysis

-Establishment of reduction and delay of rain runoff by rooftop greening -Reduction of rain runoff : 17.5% in rainy season, more than 90% in ordinary season -Delay of rain runoff : 1h 15min~2h 24min in rainy season, 5h 20min~10h 31min in ordinary season Experiment for Reduction of runoff III. Study Results Cement Planted soil(10cm) soil(10cm) Planted soil(15cm) Planted soil(20cm) Precipitation 5. Experiment for Effect Analysis

Effect of Temperature Reduction Dependant var. : in the case of selecting flower, shrub, tall tree Independent var. : temperature of bottom of concrete rooftop, soil depth Effect of runoff reduction Using monthly rainfall data 1971~2000 Using net average data in the case of raining more than 50mm monthly Effect of Economy Standard : kW/month, 75.9m2, run an air conditioner in 5h./day Applying difference of T. reduction in the case of greening type Flower = T. of bottom of concrete (soil depth - 10) Shrub = T. of bottom of concrete (soil depth - 30) Tall tree = T. of bottom of concrete (soil depth - 70) Soil depth = x( ㎝ ) = (21.6-2x)+(23.6-2x)+(45.8-2x)+3(25.7-2x)+3(34.1-2x)+3(44.4-2x) +3( x)+3( x)+3(45.9-2x)+(49.3-2x)+3(17.7-2x)+(24.9-2x) X(kw/ 월 ) = 사용자 기입 여름철 사용 전력량 If 201 ≦ X ≦ 300 관계식 : 조성 전 요금 (Y, 원 / 월 ) = { ( X ) x } x If 301 ≦ X ≦ 400 관계식 : 조성 전 요금 (Y, 원 / 월 ) = { ( X ) x } x If 401 ≦ X ≦ 500 관계식 : 조성 전 요금 (Y, 원 / 월 ) = { ( X ) x } x If 501 ≦ X ≦ ∞ 관계식 : 조성 전 요금 (Y, 원 / 월 ) = { ( X ) x } x 조성 전 요금 (Y, 원 / 월 ), 경량형 조성 후 요금 (Y x 89.5), 혼합형 조성 후 요금 (Y x 82.5), 중량형 조성 후 요금 (Y x 79.0) III. Study Results 5. Experiment for Effect Analysis Construction of Formula on the Effect of ASG

Chapter 4 Conclusions 1.Conclusions 2.Future Research Plans

▶ Determining areas that would most benefit from artificial space greening in urban areas ▶ Offering fundamental information for effective introduction of artificial space greening ▶ supporting the information for decision of policy maker and environmental and urban planner 1. Conclusions IV. Conclusions

2. Future Research Plans IV. Conclusions Improvement of System Establishment of IAMS Target area selecting and its effect analysis -Complement of formula on the effect as ASG -Complement of constructing database Regional environmental assessment and effect analysis -Generalization of Assessment method using GIS -Complement of Simulation function Assessment of goal achievement

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