Cellular Respiration Energy From Food

What is Cellular Respiration ? Conversion of food/glucose into Energy (ATP) with oxygen present AEROBIC process= oxygen required Occurs in the mitochondria.

Tell your shoulder partner what the reactants and products are based on the pictures? What do you guess is the goal?

What’s the Equation? Chemical Equation: 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6  6CO 2 + 6H ATP Energy Word Form: Oxygen + Sugar  Carbon dioxide + Water+ Energy (ATP) Reactants: –sugar (glucose) and oxygen. Products: –Carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP).

Where does it Take Place? -Mitochondria -The cristae (folds of mitochondria) is where ATP is made -3 separate reactions occur: Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron transport chain

What is Glycolysis? (Glucose Breaking) 1st step occurs in cytosol and is anaerobic 1 molecule of Glucose broken in half= 2 of pyruvic acid Makes 2 molecules of ATP Glucose is starting molecule Glucose -- 

What type of Energy? ATP- Adenosine Triphosphates-stored energy for the cell. Importance: Quick energy- Runners- ATP for a few seconds of intense activity (about 90 seconds) Long term energy: Cellular respiration is the only way to generate a continuing supply of ATP

Review- Summarize what you know about cellular respiration so far What are the main products of glycolysis? What is the molecule that gets it all started? How much ATP is made in glycolysis?

Review Explain the role of organic (carbon based) compounds in CR. (p.131,132) For each 6 carbon molecule ( C 6 H 12 O 6 ), how many molecules of ATP are used and how many are produced? (p. 132,133)

List the 3 steps of CR in order Why is CR called aerobic Where does CR take place? Why is ATP so important Where does glycolysis occur? What does anaerobic mean?

What is the Krebs Cycle? 2 nd reaction of cellular respiration is aerobic/in mitochondria Begins when pyruvic acid from glycolysis enters mitochondria Pyruvic acid converted to CO2(waste product) (pg. 138) Makes 2 moleules of ATP

The Krebs Cycle Begins when pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis enters the mitochondrion. It is then turned to CO 2 (waste product) –And citric acid

Glycolysis Krebs cycle Transition from Glycolysis to Krebs cycle :->Acetyl CoA

0xidized

Glycolysis Krebs cycle Transition from Glycolysis to Krebs cycle :->Acetyl CoA X 2

What’s the Electron Transport Chain? 3 rd stage of cellular respiration is aerobic/in mitochondria Occurs in the cristae (folded membranes of mitochondria) Uses the high-energy electrons from Krebs to convert ADP to ATP. Total ATP 32. Produces Water as waste product

The Totals (ATP) Glycolysis=2 ATP Krebs Cycle=2 ATP Electron Transport=32 ATP TOTAL= 36 ATP from 1 glucose molecule

Why Glucose into ATP? It’s used to fuel/power cell activities 1.) ATP releases energy in a controlled way compared to glucose(think controlled fire vs explosion) 2.) ATP=immediate energy, glucose takes time

ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate = A—P—P—P high energy bonds When a cell needs energy, high energy bonds are broken by an enzyme. + P A—P—P—P A—P—P (ATP) (ADP) energy

THE BIG PICTURE Glucose &

Anaerobic vs. aerobic Anaerobic means without oxygen (glycolysis) Produces little ATP It is how our body makes most of the energy at the start of exercise Aerobic means with oxygen (Krebs cycle and ETC) Produces approx. 20 times more ATP than glycolysis alone Body relies on it during extended physical activities

Pyruvate Glucose CYTOSOL No O 2 present Fermentation Ethanol or lactate Acetyl CoA MITOCHONDRION O 2 present Cellular respiration Citric acid cycle

 Alcohol Fermentation H + 2 NADH2 NAD + 2 ATP 2 ADP + 2 P 2 Pyruvate 2 2 Lactate Lactic acid fermentation Glucose Glycolysis

+ 2 H + 2 NADH2 NAD + 2 ATP 2 ADP + 2 P 2 Pyruvate 2 2 Lactate Lactic acid fermentation Glucose Glycolysis  Ethanol Produced ( X2) -

 Fermentation - after glycolysis (no O 2 available) Lactic acid fermentation is done by some fungi, some bacteria like in yogurt, and sometimes by our muscles. Normally our muscles do cellular respiration like the rest of our bodies, using O 2 supplied by our lungs and blood. However, under greater exertion when the oxygen supplied by the lungs and blood system can’t get there fast enough to keep up with the muscles’ needs, our muscles can switch over and do lactic acid fermentation. In the process of lactic acid fermentation, the 3-carbon pyruvic acid molecules are turned into lactic acid.lactic acid

 Lactic Acid Fermentation H + 2 NADH2 NAD + 2 ATP 2 ADP + 2 P 2 Pyruvate 2 Lactate Lactic acid fermentation Glucose Glycolysis

 Lactate ( X2) formed H + 2 NADH2 NAD + 2 ATP 2 ADP + 2 P 2 Pyruvate 2 Lactate Lactic acid fermentation Glucose Glycolysis

aerobic anaerobic

Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Convert h2o,light,co2 to sugars Chloroplast CO 2, H 2 0 and Light Energy C 6 H 12 O 6 and O 2 6CO 2 + 6H Energy  6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 Plants, algae, and some bacteria Convert food/glucose to ATP Mitochondria C 6 H 12 O 6 and O 2 CO 2,H 2 0, and Energy (ATP) 6O 2 +C 6 H 12 O 6  6CO 2 + 6H Energy All Eukaryotes. Definition: What organelle: Reactants: Produces: Equation: What type of cell/ Organism: