1-3-11 Cornell Notes Examples Practice Ionic Trends 1-3-11 Cornell Notes Examples Practice

What have we learned so far?

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- Na + Cl  Na+ + Cl Octet Rule Atoms lose, gain or share valence electrons in order to acquire the stable electron configuration of a noble gas (8 valence e-) - Na + Cl  Na+ + Cl Cation Anion

Trends in Ion Formation Groups 1 to 4 give their valence electrons away 1 2 13 14 Li  Li+ Mg Mg2+  B  B3+

Trends in Ion Formation Groups 5 to 7 take electrons 3- P  P 5 6 7 2- O  O - F  F

Ion - + + An atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge + + An atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge To create an ion: Gain an electron (to become negative) Lose an electron (to become positive) Example: Lithium can lose one electron to become Li+ -

Ionization Energy - + + The energy needed to remove + + The energy needed to remove an electron from a gaseous atom. Higher energy = atom holds on to electrons more tightly Affected by nuclear charge (#of protons in nucleus) and number of energy levels -

Ionization Energy Increases across a period Increases up a group

Example Which has the larger ionization energy: Lead (Pb) or Sulfur (S)? SULFUR

Ionic Radius The size of an ion Positive ions are smaller (lose electrons) Negative ions are larger (gain electrons)

Ionic Radius Positive Ions Negative Ions Generally Increase

Cl- Example Which element has the larger ionic radius: Cs+ or Cl-? NEGATIVE POSITIVE Cl-

Practice On the back of your notes… Answer the questions section by section Have your answers checked by the teacher AFTER EACH SECTION IS COMPLETED If your answers are correct, move on to the next section Make sure you get your work checked off after each section – it will only be graded DURING CLASS!

Cs+ Example Which element has the larger ionic radius: Cs+ or Mg2+ Positive Ions Generally Increase Cs+