Do Now: Make a list of all the Diseases that you can think of. Make a list of all the Diseases that you can think of.

Non-Infectious Diseases AKA NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Non-Infectious Disease Not caused by pathogens Not caused by pathogens Cannot be transmitted to other people Cannot be transmitted to other people Risk factors: Risk factors: Genetics Genetics Life-style Life-style Environmental factors Environmental factors

Genetic Risk Factors Determined by genes Determined by genes Congenital disease is present at birth Congenital disease is present at birth Others don’t show up until later in life Others don’t show up until later in life Familial Disease Tendency Familial Disease Tendency Disease runs in family Disease runs in family

Genetic Risk Factors Recessive gene disorders Recessive gene disorders Need recessive gene from both parents Need recessive gene from both parents Can be a carrier Can be a carrier Cystic fibrosis & sickle cell anemia Cystic fibrosis & sickle cell anemia Down syndrome Down syndrome Born with extra chromosome Born with extra chromosome

Genetic Risk Factors Sex-linked disorders Sex-linked disorders Linked to x chromosome (female) Linked to x chromosome (female) Can be recessive in females Can be recessive in females Color blindness, hemophilia, & muscular dystrophy Color blindness, hemophilia, & muscular dystrophy

Environmental Risk Factors Pollution Pollution Smoke Smoke Sunlight Sunlight Radiation Radiation Altitude Altitude Water Water

Lifestyle Risk Factors Diet Diet Obesity Obesity Exercise Exercise Alcohol Alcohol Tobacco Tobacco Stress Stress Sleep Sleep

Leading Cause of Death in US 1. Heart disease: 631, Cancer: 559, Stroke : 137,119 (CDC, 2006) (CDC, 2006)

What do you think the Leading Causes of death were in 1900? Volume off-ad first Volume off-ad first Volume off-ad first Volume off-ad first e-leading-causes-of-death-in-the-united- states-seeker-daily htm e-leading-causes-of-death-in-the-united- states-seeker-daily htm e-leading-causes-of-death-in-the-united- states-seeker-daily htm e-leading-causes-of-death-in-the-united- states-seeker-daily htm

Create a true or false 4 question quiz on the information that was presented today.

The Heart of the Matter

Cardiovascular Disease Disease of Cardiovascular system Disease of Cardiovascular system CV system is… CV system is… Heart Heart Blood Vessels Blood Vessels Arteries Arteries Vein Vein Capillaries Capillaries Blood Blood

Types of CV Disease Hypertension Hypertension Arteriosclerosis Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis Heart Attack Heart Attack Stroke Stroke Arrhythmias Arrhythmias Heart Valve Disorder Heart Valve Disorder Varicose Veins Varicose Veins

Hypertension High Blood Pressure High Blood Pressure Normal=120/80 Normal=120/80 Over 120/80= At risk Over 120/80= At risk High=150/90 High=150/90 Thickening of blood vessel walls Thickening of blood vessel walls Narrows passageways for blood Narrows passageways for blood

Arteriosclerosis Hardening of the arteries Hardening of the arteries Narrows blood vessels & blocks blood flow Narrows blood vessels & blocks blood flow Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis Fat deposits in blood vessels Fat deposits in blood vessels

Heart Attack Caused by lack of oxygen delivery to cells Caused by lack of oxygen delivery to cells Coronary heart disease Coronary heart disease Blockage of coronary arteries Blockage of coronary arteries Caused by fat deposits and/or blood clots Caused by fat deposits and/or blood clots Causes heart attack Causes heart attack Cardiac Arrest Cardiac Arrest Entire heart stops Entire heart stops

Stroke Disrupts blood flow to brain Disrupts blood flow to brain No oxygen to brain No oxygen to brain Brain cells die Brain cells die Caused by fatty deposits, blood clots, or burst arteries Caused by fatty deposits, blood clots, or burst arteries Aneurysm Aneurysm Weak spot in blood vessel that can burst Weak spot in blood vessel that can burst

Stroke Effects Effects Speech Speech Senses Senses Movement Movement Memory Memory Behavior Behavior Depending on side of the brain Depending on side of the brain

Heart Valve Disease 4 valves in heart 4 valves in heart 2 between atria & ventricle 2 between atria & ventricle 2 between heart & arteries 2 between heart & arteries Bypass Surgery Bypass Surgery

Arrhythmias & Varicose Veins Arrhythmias Abnormal heart beat Abnormal heart beat Pacemaker Pacemaker Defibrillator Defibrillator Varicose Veins Large blue veinsLarge blue veins One-way valves don’t workOne-way valves don’t work

Testing & Diagnosis Electrocardiogram (ECG/ EKG) Electrocardiogram (ECG/ EKG) Graphs electrical impulses and heart beats Graphs electrical impulses and heart beats Stress Test Stress Test ECG during exercise ECG during exercise Chest X-Ray Chest X-Ray Picture of heart Picture of heart

Prevention Don’t smoke Don’t smoke Exercise regularly Exercise regularly Manage stress Manage stress Manage diet Manage diet Avoid saturated fat & cholesterol Avoid saturated fat & cholesterol Replace red meat with chicken and fish Replace red meat with chicken and fish Eat more fruits & veggies Eat more fruits & veggies Avoid sweets, oils, & fats Avoid sweets, oils, & fats wg7niXGSQgJSwiJIjPMGue wg7niXGSQgJSwiJIjPMGue wg7niXGSQgJSwiJIjPMGue wg7niXGSQgJSwiJIjPMGue

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Discussion Define HDL, LDL, Cholesterol. How are they different? How are they similar? Define HDL, LDL, Cholesterol. How are they different? How are they similar? Describe angiogenesis. What does it do? Why does this help increase heart health? Describe angiogenesis. What does it do? Why does this help increase heart health? Describe the symptoms of heart disease. Describe the symptoms of heart disease.

What is Cancer? Define the 5 different types of cancer? Define the 5 different types of cancer? What is the difference between benign & malignant tumors? What is the difference between benign & malignant tumors? What is metastasis? How does it occur? What is metastasis? How does it occur? What causes cancer? What causes cancer? 2b5XI 2b5XI 2b5XI 2b5XI

Cancer Types Types Skin Lung Lung Mouth Throat Throat Leukemia Breast Breast Colon Cervix Cervix Prostate Testicular Testicular

Cancer TypesRisk Factors TypesRisk Factors SkinL, E, G LungL, E, LungL, E, MouthL, E ThroatL, E ThroatL, E LeukemiaL, E, G BreastL, E, G BreastL, E, G ColonE, G CervixL CervixL ProstateL, G TesticularL, G TesticularL, G

Signs & Symptoms Unexplained weight loss Unexplained weight loss Fever Fever Fatigue Fatigue Pain Pain Skin changes Skin changes Thickening/ lumps Thickening/ lumps Unusual bowel movements Unusual bowel movements Unusual bleeding Unusual bleeding

Diagnosis Early detection!!!!!!!! Early detection!!!!!!!! Screening Screening Self-test Self-test Pap-test Pap-test Cervical examination Cervical examination Colonoscopy Colonoscopy Looks inside colon Looks inside colon Biopsy Biopsy Removal of cell/ tissue for examination Removal of cell/ tissue for examination

Treatment Chemotherapy Chemotherapy Drugs that kill cancer cell Drugs that kill cancer cell Often taken in combination Often taken in combination Pill or injection form Pill or injection form Radiation Therapy Radiation Therapy Radiation can stop growth/ division of cancer cells Radiation can stop growth/ division of cancer cells Surgery Surgery Removal of tumor or cancer cells Removal of tumor or cancer cells

Prevention Avoid tobacco. Avoid tobacco. Avoid alcohol. Avoid alcohol. Protect against the sun. Protect against the sun. Avoid chemicals/ carcinogens. Avoid chemicals/ carcinogens. Increase fiber intake. Increase fiber intake. Reduce fat intake. Reduce fat intake. Eat balanced diet. Eat balanced diet. Self-test. Self-test. Get regular physical activity. Get regular physical activity. Surgery Surgery