Statements, questions, commands and requests

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Presentation transcript:

Statements, questions, commands and requests Reported speech Statements, questions, commands and requests

Statements Ken: “I had a terrible row with Pauline a few days ago and she has kicked me out.” Mike told Isobel that Mike had had a terrible row with Pauline a few days before and she had kicked him out. What differences can you see in these two sentences?

Statements We use reported speech when we are telling someone what another person said or thought, but do not use their exact words. When we report a statement, we use reported verbs such as say, tell, explain, inform, state, decide etc. often followed by that.

Changes in reported speech Personal pronouns and possessive adjectives change, e.g. I he/she, you I/we, my his/her, your my etc. Adverbs of time: now then, yesterday the day before, tomorrow the next day, today that day, ago before Adverbs of place: here there, etc.

Tense change Present Simple Past Simple Present Continuous Past Continuous Present Perfect Past Perfect Past Simple Past Perfect Future Conditional

Questions Mike: “What are you going to do?” Mike asked Ken what he was going to do. Mike: “Are you all right, Ken?” Mike asked Ken if he was all right. What differences can you see in these sentences?

Questions In reported –wh questions, we us the wh- word + the subject + the verb. In reported yes/no questions, we use if/whether + the subject + the verb. We do not use the interrogative form of the verb: do/does/did As it is an indirect question, no question marks are used. We use reported verbs: ask, wonder, want to know etc.

Commands and requests Ken: “Don’t spread it around, Mike.” Ken asked Mike not to spread it around. Mike advised Ken:”Make it up with Pauline!” Mike advised Ken to make it up with Pauline.

Commands and requests When we report requests, orders, advice or warnings we use verbs such as advice, ask, beg, tell, order, etc, followed by an infinitive. NB In negative requests/commands use NOT before TO.

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