An Age of renewal and Growth Section 3 An Age of renewal and Growth

The church in the new world Section 3, Part 3: The church in the new world

Introduction We think of 1492 as the beginning of the Age of Exploration Actually began in Africa in the early 15th century Extended to the late 17th century Scientific & technological advances of the scholastics & humanists made possible Monarchs patronized for pure & not so pure motives Priests & religious accompanied for spiritual missions—Franciscans, Dominicans, Jesuits Destinations were Latin America, Asia, & North America Look at effects & outcomes here Three articles (A. 32) – Missions to Latin America (A. 33) – Missions in the Far East (A. 34) – Missions to North America

Article 32: Missions to Latin America In 1492, Spain was the most powerful country in Europe --entirely Catholic for first time since 711 Incas, Aztecs, & Mayans were very advanced civilizations but no match for Spanish conquistadors Hernan Cortes in Mexico against Aztecs Francisco Pizarro in Peru against Incas By 1550 both civilizations had fallen—murdered, small pox, enslaved, … Dominican, Franciscan, & Jesuit missionaries accompanied conquistadors Pure motives for friars & priests; split motives for monarchies conquistadors salvation & conformity) Missionaries protested & sought legislative changes & got them but little changed Bartolome de las Casas (1484-1566) Dominican who fought for indigenous rights--encomienda & slavery A Very Brief Narrative of the Destruction of the Indians Led to New Laws in 1542 by Charles V

Article 32 cont.: Missions to Latin America St. Martin de Porres (1579-1639) Son of Spanish nobleman & free slave—treated cruelly as child in Lima, Peru Joined Dominicans as a lay brother & dedicated his life to poor & mistreated (slaves, sick, & poor) St. Rose of Lima (1586-1617) Third Order Dominican in Lima, Peru Reputation for holiness during her life & miracles after her death brought many to faith Patron saint of Peru along with Martin de Porres St. Peter Claver (1580-1654) Native Spaniard who arrived in Cartagena, Columbia in 1610 (center of slave trade) Ministered to the enslaved who suffered unspeakable physical & spiritual conditions before & after his ordination in 1616 (healed, preached, baptized, & defended the human & civil rights of thousands) Our Lady of Guadalupe, Juan Diego, his uncle, & the bishop of Mexico City—9 Dec. 1531 Second most visited shrine in the world (the tilma) & 85% of Mexico Catholic today How can we support the Church in Latin America today since we stem from them historically USCCB sub committee & annual collection on 4th Sunday of January

You Tube Videos: Latin American Missions Fr. Barron: Our Lady of Guadalupe Spanish Colonization of the Americas

Homework Section 3, Part 3 review questions 1-2 Read A. 33

Article 33: Missions in the Far East Patron saints of the missions: St. Francis Xavier & St. Theresa of Lisieux India remains predominantly Hindu today but strong Catholic presence in southern India (Goa & Kerala) & Sri Lanka by 18th century Saint Francis Xavier (1506-1552) arrived in Goa, India in 1542 with a small group of Jesuits Converted thousands thorough the basics of Christian belief & prayer along with gentleness & kindness Moved on to Ceylon (Sri Lanka = island off the south coast of India) where he converted thousands more & established missionary schools & churches Robert de Nobili (1577-1656) implemented enculturation in India & Ceylon to continue work

Article 33 cont.: Missions in the Far East Japan Today is predominately Hindu & Shinto but 500k Catholics (esp. in Nagasaki) Francis Xavier arrived in Japan in 1549 after meeting, converting, & being persuaded by Japanese man 200K baptized by 1580 with help of Franciscans & Dominicans (from Buddh- & Shintoism) Built small Churches until persecution broke out—dozens of foreign missionaries & 30K Japanese were killed due to suspicion of Japanese rulers Paul Miki & companions (26) in 1597 in Nagasaki & totally banned in 1614 French missionaries found faith kept alive in secret for 200 years w/out priests when arrived in 1860’s China Matteo Ricci (1552-1610) was an Italian Jesuit who made major inroads through enculturation & western knowledge (150K Chinese Catholics by 1692) Congregation of the Propagation of the Faith sided with friars over Jesuits in 1704 Emperor banned Christianity & persecuted missionaries & people Opened up again in 1850 to Daughters of Charity & about 500K Catholics by 1900 In 1949, Chairman Mao of the PRC made it illegal (8 million underground & 5 million CCPA) Cardinal Kung of Shanghai died in prison in 2000 for refusal to follow the CCPA

You Tube Videos: Far East Missions Francis Xavier: Missionary & Saint Matteo Ricci: Enculturation in China

Homework Section 3, Part 3 review questions 4-5 & 7 Read A. 34 Make sure the Section 3 review questions are ready to turn in on Tuesday (#’s 1-7) Study for the Section 3, Part 3 quiz on Thursday (AA. 32-34)

Article 34: Missions to North America Spanish Franciscans (Florida, Southwest, & California) & French Jesuits (New England & Canada) Economic & religious motives at the cost of native culture Spread the faith, convert natives; civilize the natives through agriculture & Western learning & language Missions were self sustaining communities based upon agriculture Natives were encouraged to establish settlements near missions Challenges & hardships—scarcity, unpredictable relations resulting in acceptance, rejection, sickness, death, & murder for friars, settlers, & native people Florida & Southwest Missions St. Augustine (1565) & 20 more; Jesuits 1st but Spanish Franciscans lasted; Seminoles forced all out by 1769 Mexican Franciscans; 21 in Texas by San Antonio (The Alamo-1718) & 40 in New Mexico by Santa Fe Decline in 1700’s & stopped by 1800—converts & territory

Article 34: Missions to North America California Blessed Junipero Serra (1719-1784) established 9 missions personally & oversaw 12 others Franciscans founded economic centers where trades were taught but natives were “imprisoned” Floggings, escapes, & uprisings ensued so missions declined, stopped, & died out by 1832 French Missions in Canada & New York & beyond Franciscans first in 1615 but no success; Jesuits followed in 1625 in Quebec; success with the Hurons Trouble with the Iroquois—North American Martyrs (1640’s & 1930’s)—Isaac Jogues & John Brebeuf as well as St. Keteri Tekakwitha

You Tube Videos: North American Missions Crash Course: Native Americans & the Spanish Colonial America: New France

Homework Section 3, Part 3 review questions 3 & 6 Make sure the Section 3 review questions are ready to turn in on Tuesday (#’s 1-7) Study for the Section 3, Part 3 quiz on Thursday (AA. 32-34)