Goal 11 Part 3 JFK Presidency

Election of 1960 John F. Kennedy (DEM.) defeated Richard M. Nixon (REP) Reasons: (1) JFK supported Civil Rights Movement (2) First televised debates 1960 election: Closest in History

Kennedy’s Domestic / Foreign Policy ***************** New Frontier ****************** - programs to (1) improve the economy, (2) assist the poor (3) advance the American space program and (4) international aid Best and the Brightest – JFK's advisors Flexible response: Kennedy’s plan to take money out of Nuclear warheads and put it in military = Green Berets (Downsizing nuclear warfare) Complete opposite of Eisenhower

Crisis in Cuba Fidel Castro – was openly a communist and welcomed support from the Soviet Union How Castro take over in Cuba Promise of democracy to the Cuban people/ could end poverty and many other problems Leads a revolution over Batista (1959)

***** THE BAY OF PIGS ****** (1961) - Kennedy A “FAILED” / “Miscalculated” invasion of Cuba to overthrow Castro Effect: made America look BAD!!!

CUBAN MISSLE CRISIS Situation: Soviet Union had missiles stationed in Cuba Result: AMERICAN HYSTERIA / PANIC Response: America put missiles in Turkey *2 Countries that were “directly” connected to the Cuban Missile Crisis (1) Soviet Union (2) U.S. NOT CUBA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Foreign problems with JFK Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis *Berlin Wall = 1961 increased tensions in Europe (physical Iron curtain?) Purpose: to stop “refugees” from EAST Berlin fleeing into WEST Berlin (East Berliners wanted to be free of Communism) *Ugly symbol of Communism – Berlin Wall is destroyed in 1989

Ways to ease the tension in the Cold War / Kennedy and Khrushchev (1) Hot Line direct phone line between S.U. and U.S. (2) Limited Test Ban Treaty banning above-ground testing of nuclear weapons (U.S. and S.U.)

New Frontier (Space program) Space Program - NASA- * Created as a result of the launching of SPUTNIK Yuri Gagarin = (1 st human in space) – S.U. Alan Shepard (1 st American in space) RACE to the MOON - U.S. wins = Neil Armstrong (1 st man on the moon) MAJOR RESULT: Colleges and universities all over America increased their emphasis on science and other courses that could advance America (in that nature)

Kennedy’s New Frontier (International Aid) Point: to address POVERTY abroad (1) Peace Corps - a program of volunteer assistance to the developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America (HUGE SUCCESS) (2) Alliance for Progress - another foreign aid program PURPOSE: Improve relations with Latin America *BOTH = THINK John F. Kennedy

Tragedy in Dallas November 22, 1963 (JFK is assassinated) Lee Harvey Oswald  Communist living in Cuba, was arrested Oswald = shot and killed by Jack Ruby (nightclub owner) while he was being transferred to prison *** Warren Commission *** - investigative agency on the JFK assassination (ton of conspiracies)

Explain “ONE” major result of each event listed below: (Keep it simply accurate) Kennedy election in 1960 Kennedy’s “New Frontier” Bay of Pigs invasion Cuban Missile Crisis Berlin Wall construction Peace Corps / Alliance for Progress U.S. Victory in Race to the Moon Johnson’s Great Society