Theories of Emotions Module 41
Emotions Response that involves Bodily arousal Expressive behaviors Conscious experience
James-Lange Theory William James Emotional experience occurs after the bodily change and as a result of it Event Arousal Emotion
Experiment… Number somewhere on a piece of paper 1 – 10 You will be given instructions about how to hold your pen. You will view and rate how funny 10 cartoons are that you will be viewing. 1 = not funny at all 7 = extremely funny You will calculate the mean of your scores. Here we go…
Cartoon 1
Cartoon #2
Cartoon #3
Cartoon #4
Cartoon #5
Cartoon #6
Cartoon #7
Slide #8
Cartoon #9
Cartoon #10
James Lange Theory Supported by Facial feedback hypothesis Activity of the facial muscles that create expressions determines the emotions we experience
Cannon-Bard Theory Bodily reactions do not cause emotional responses Bodily reactions and emotional responses occur at the same time Thalamus routes the information Event Thalamus Emotions Arousal
Schachter-Singer (Two Factor) Theory Adds a cognitive aspect Two factors to emotions Factor one: arousal or bodily reaction Factor two: cognitive interpretation of this reaction EventArousalCognitive LabelEmotion
Cognitive Appraisal Theory Richard Lazarus Cognition must happen before the subjective experience of the emotion Our emotional experience depends on our interpretation of the situation we are in
Opponent-Process Theory All emotions are followed by an opposite emotional reaction fear is followed by relief sadness by happiness On repeated occasions, the opponent emotion becomes stronger Factor in drug addiction Crash Course
Primary Emotions Universally recognized across cultures Fear Anger Joy Sadness Disgust Contempt Surprise Some theorists include Shame, shyness, and guilt
Emotional Expression Provides a visible sign of the internal feelings an individual is experiencing Voice Posture Gestures Facial expressions
Paul Ekman Studies emotions and expressions Cross culturally same specific facial expressions for various emotions Microexpressions Used to detect lies Microexpressions video Some evidence that they are innate
Display Rules Culturally accepted learned guidelines for when and how emotions can be expressed in particular social situations Ex. Kissing a cheek as a greeting
Stress Module 43 and 44
Stress Both physical and psychological reactions to stressors We appraise them as threatening or challenging How Stress Affects the Brain
Stressors Three types: Catastrophes Significant life changes Daily hassles
Two Types of Stress Hans Selye Eustress Distress Positive stress Accepting challenges – pursuing goals Distress Negative stress High levels of tension Negative side effects
Response to Stress -Hans Selye General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) Stage 1 – Alarm Increase activity of sympathetic nervous system Stage 2 – Resistance Increase physical reactions Stage 3 – Exhaustion Body’s internal resources depleted Immune system is decreased