Lecture 4 Nursing Education

OBJECTIVES At the end of this lecture the student will be able to: Describe the different types of educational nursing programs. Discuss the characteristics of each type of the educational programs.

TYPES EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS Educational programs available for nurses include 1- Practical or vocational 2-Registered nursing 3-Graduate nursing 4-Continuing education 5-In-service education

1-Licensed Practical (vocational) Nursing Graduates of the licensed practical/vocational programs write the NCLEX for practical nurses(NCLEXPN). An LPN or LVN is trained in basic nursing skills to provide client care under the guidance of an RN or other licensed provider, for example, a physician or dentist. Schools for practical nursing programs are located in a variety of settings: high schools, community colleges, vocational schools, hospitals, and other health care agencies.

Most program are 1- year programs divided into one-third classroom hours and two-third clinical laboratory hours. On completion of the program, graduate can take the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX-PN ) for Licensure as a licensed practical nurse (LPN). LPNs work under the direction of the physician or RN to give direct care to the patients, focusing on meeting health care needs in hospitals, nursing homes and home health agency

2-Registered Nursing Programs Graduates of registered nurse programs write the NCLEX for registered nurses (NCLEX-RN). An entry level educational program means that the program prepares graduates to write a licensing examination. National Council Licensing Examination (NCLEX) to obtain a license to practice nursing. Currently, Three major educational routs lead to RN licensure as an : a) Diploma b) Associate degree c) Baccalaureate program Graduate of all three programs take NCLEX-RN examination. Nurses gain legal rights to practice nursing in another state by applying to that state’s board of nursing and receiving reciprocal licensures.

a) Diploma in Nursing After Florence Nightingale established training school for nurses at St. Thomas Hospital in England in Which is the first schools of nursing The 3- year hospital based diploma programs, were the dominant nursing program from the late 1800s and were the major source of graduates until the mid In recent years, the number of diploma programs has decreased greatly. Graduate of diploma programs have a sound foundation of the biologic and social sciences with a strong emphasis on clinical experience in direct patient care. Graduate work in acute, long-term, ambulatory health care facilities

b) Associate Degree in Nursing Associate degree nursing (ADN) dedication is based on a research project that was carried out by a shortage Dr. Mildred Montag in the 1950s At that time there was a shortage in nurses, and the project was created to meet the need of society by preparing nurses in less time than was required in diploma program Currently, most associate degree programs are in community or junior colleges. These 2 year-educational programs attracted more men, more monitories and more nontraditional students than do the other type of programs.

c) Baccalaureate in Nursing The first baccalaureate nursing programs were established in the United States at the university of Minnesota in Most of the early baccalaureate programs were five years in length, which was the norm until the 1950s. The five-year program was basically the three-year nursing school curriculum with the addition of two years of liberal arts Today baccalaureate nursing programs are located in senior colleges and universities and are generally 4 years in length. The curricula offer courses in the liberal arts, sciences, humanities and nursing Most graduates receive a bachelor of science in nursing (BSN).

baccalaureate nursing provide nursing care to the individual and groups, work with members of the health care use research to improve practice and have a foundation for graduate study. Nurses who gradate from a diploma or associate degree program and wish to complete requirement for a BSN may choose to enrolled in an RN- to- BSN program or may complete requirements through an external degree program.

2-Graduate Education in Nursing Prepare nurses to practice in various roles as advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs). Individual states have varying statutory provisions for APRNs. For instance, some states recognize the APRN’s credentials to practice, whereas others require licensure.

Common requirements for admission to graduate programs in nursing include the following: The applications must be a registered nurse licensed. The application generally most hold a baccalaureate degree in nursing from an approved college or university. The application must give scholastic ability (usually a minimum grade point average of 2.7 to 3 on a 4.0 scale). The application must demonstrate satisfactory achievement on a quality examination such as Graduate Record Examination(GRE) or Miller analogy Test(MAT). The application must have letters of recommendation from supervisor, nursing faculty, or nursing colleagues indicating the applicant’s ability to do graduate ability to do graduate study.

The two levels of graduate education in nursing are a) The master’s degree. b) The doctoral degree a) The master’s degree The growth of university nursing programs encouraged the development of graduate study in nursing. In 1953, the newly reestablished National League for nursing encourage educators to develop programs for master’s degree in nursing. Today master’s programs generally take from 1.5 to 2 years to complete.

Degrees granted for master’s are: 1-Master of arte(MA). 2-Master of nursing (MN). 3-Master of science in nursing (MSN). 4-Master of science(MS). Master’ degree programs provide specialized knowledge and skills that enables nurses to assume advanced roles in practice, education, administration, and research.

b) Doctoral Programs Doctoral programs in nursing began in the 1960s in the united states. This programs further prepare the nurse for advanced clinical practice, administration, education, and research. The degree awarded are 1-Doctor of philosophy (PhD). 2-Doctor of nursing science(DNS) or (DNSc). 3-Nursing decorate (ND). Before 1960 nurse acquired doctorate degree nurses acquired doctoral degrees in such related fields as psychology, sociology, physiology and education

In 2004, the American Association of College of Nursing (AACN) approved to move to prepare advanced practice nurse (nurse practitioners, nurse anesthetist, nurse midwives and clinic al nurse specialist) at the doctoral level- awarded a doctor of nursing practice(DPN) and phrasing out the DNS and ND designation. Content and approach vary among doctoral programs. Some focus on the usual clinical areas, such as medical-surgical nursing, and others emphasize such nontraditional areas as transcultural nursing. Some programs emphasize theory development, but emphasize research

4-Continuing education The term Continuing education (CE) refers to formalized experiences designed to enlarge the knowledge or skills of practitioner. Participants may receive certificates of completion or specialization. They are usually designed to meet one or more of the following a) To keep the nurses a breast of new techniques and knowledge b) Help nurses attain expertise in a specialized area of practice, such as intensive care nursing. c) To provide nurses with information essential to nursing practice for example, knowledge about legal aspect of nursing.

5-In-Service Education In-service education program is administered by an employer ; it is designed to upgrade the knowledge or skills of employees. For example, an employee might offer an in-service program to inform nurses a new piece of equipment.

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