Topic 4 – The mineral revolution in SA

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Presentation transcript:

Topic 4 – The mineral revolution in SA Grade 8 – HSS Term 2

Unit 1 -Britain, Diamond mining, labour control and land expansion Diamonds found in SA Kimberley diamond rush British show interest Look for cheap labour

Increasing control over black workers Britain had major stake in the Kimberley mines (Cecil J Rhodes & De Beers) Relied initially on the migrant labour systems (people who leave home to find work) = cheap labour This proved unreliable so mine owners look for ways to control & hold black Africans = closed compounds Type of accommodation for migrant workers Hostels located in a fenced area 4-6 men occupy a small space (basic bathroom facilities) Use to come and go as they pleased, 15 years later = closed compound Reduce diamond theft Disciplined labour force – operate machinery Fulltime workplace supervision

Closed compound Overcrowded, dirty & unhealthy Badly built (often had no windows or light) Slept on cement beds, no privacy Rations were meagre High death rate Contract work = could not leave until done

Migrant labour Africans journeyed far to work on the mines From 1872 migrant labour controlled by a pass system (form of identification) Access to firearms curbed, tighter controls from 1885 onwards Migrant workers worked for low wages & contracted for a time period.

Migrant labour & land disposition Pass system Xhosa wars / cape Fronteir Wars = 9 wars in the Eastern Cape First 3 wars between trek Boers & Xhosa (cattle raiding) Xhosas also resented missionaries for trying to destroy Xhosa culture British brought 1820 settlers and military presence. Gcaleka (xhosa kingdom)