Kingdom Protista Groups Protozoan and Algae

Systematists have split protists into many kingdoms Protists are the most diverse of all eukaryotes –Cell structure –Nutrition –Motility –Life cyles –Habitats

General characteristics Stuck in group First eukaryotic Largest group of 6 kingdoms Multicellular and unicellular Reproduce sex and asexually Divide by mitosis Complex cilia and flagella Autotrophic and heterotrophic

Two Major Groups Protozoans Algae “heterotrophic”“autotrophic”

Importance of studying Protists? They are everywhere there is water! Cause diseases Part of food chain Photosynthetic…what is important product? Recycle nutrients…N, C and P

4 major groups of protozoans 1.Sarcodina 2.Ciliophora 3.Zoomastigina (Mastigophora) 4.Sporozoa

Sacrodina Amoeba eating a ciliate Concerns: –Amboeic dysentery: bloody diarrhea, vomiting, extreme stomach cramps, transmitted by contaminated food or water

How do Sacrodina Move? Pseudophodia

Sacrodina Special Characteristics Asexual or sexual Contractile vacuole Eat by Phagocytosis –See animation Unicellular Habitat –Ponds –Lakes Only in Fresh water hill.com/sites/ /student_view0/c hapter4/animation_- _cytoplasmic_streaming.html

Ciliophora “The Ciliates” paramecium

How do Ciliophora move? Cilia

Special Characteristics Ciliophora Live in Fresh and salt water environments Respond to chemicals Trichocyst: help capture prey Micronucleus (genetic exchange thru conjugation) Contractile vacuole – –Store and remove water

Ciliophora Examples –Bursaria –Didinium –Paramecium

Mastigophora Move by flagella Habitat: Fresh or salt water Some are parasitic –Most live on bodies of other organisms

Mastigophora VolvoxEuglena

Examples of Mastigophora Trichonympha –Termites: digest cellulose…can we digest it?? Giardia –Fever Fatigue, fatal –Transmitted thru water/food from the protist: Giardia lamblia African sleeping sickness –Fever, lethargy –Bite from a tsetse fly

Sporazoa

No movement Produced spores that withstand harsh conditions Habitat: All parasitic

Examples of Sporazoa Cryptospordium –Cryptosporidiosis (diarrhea) Toxoplasmosis –Toxoplasma species Malaria –destroys RBC –High fever –Delirium –Sweats and chills

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