Chapter 4 Section 2b. Conquest & War Weakened Rome n Wars bring glory & create poverty n Gap between rich & poor n Small farmers lose land to rich.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 4 Section 2b

Conquest & War Weakened Rome n Wars bring glory & create poverty n Gap between rich & poor n Small farmers lose land to rich ( slave work land ) import cheap food n Farmers move to city -> no jobs, masses of unhappy people

Corruption in Govt n Rich buy votes n Help themselves to tax money n Wide gap between rich &poor n Efforts to please with “ bread & circuses” n Free food & contests n “ gladiators”

Romans Attempt Reforms n Realize the republic is in danger n 1st reformers:Tiberius& Gaius Gracchus n Believe problems : condition of farmers landless & soldiers = give land back n Senate puts Tiberius to death, Gaius kills himself n Military leaders fight for control n One - hero - dictator - Sulla

Julius Caesar Wins Control n Popular with the masses n Spends money on the poor n Marries a popular daughter n Gains Sulla as a enemy

First Triumvirate n Caesar joins forces “ political alliance’ n A. - Hero = Pompey n B. Crassus : richest man in Rome n C. Caesar : consul & general n - writes a story of military campaigns n - brilliant military commander n - while in Gaul, Crassus is killed in Persia

n Pompey rules as dictator n - afraid of Caesar n - orders him to disband army n - return to Italy

Triumph of Caesar n 4 yrs of civil war - Pompey flees, Caesar becomes dictator of Rome n Pompey is later murdered in Egypt n Caesar starts many reforms n 1. Sets up a stable govt. n 2. Give people in provinces equal Rts. n 3. Make the Senate more representative n 44 BC Caesar is assassinated,(Mar 15)

Augustus 1st Emperor n Caesars death issues in civil war n Octavian & Mark Antony hunt down the assassins n Divide up Rome,Octavian- west, Rome n Antony - east, Egypt = Cleopatra : plan to invade the west n Rome declares war on them

n Battle at Actium, Octavian wins & will now be called Augustus n Rules a united empire n 1. Rebuilds highways n 2. Public buildings n 3. Fair tax collection n - commerce flourished

n - wide spread prosperity n - established the “ Pax Romana” = 200 yrs of peace