Dr. Merih Kerestecioğlu Bucharest September 2003

Causes of Degradation  Domestic wastewater discharges  Industrial wastewater discharges  Pollution carried with the rivers  Accidental oil spills  Accidental transportation of exotic species  Illegal dumping

Sources of the Nutrient Loads  Domestic Discharges  Industrial Discharges  Solid Wastes  Agriculture  Atmospheric Carried Pollutants  Run off

Prerequisites  design regional - adapt local  address different priorities  Be flexible to address to different target populations  be not lecturer dependent  address to global issues as well as specific problems of the countries  attract the trainees on the title and content  aim to change the S/K/A  do not be too long  be financially feasible  do not compete with the professional activities of the target group

Common Interest in the Region  Awareness building  Sound fertilization techniques  Organic farming  Sound livestock and manure management

Constraints  Different level of interests of the BS Countries  Subsidies on the fertilizer and water  Lack of cooperation between the farmers  Level of income of the farmers  Lack of public awareness on environment  Different customs, regulations and agricultural activities  Lack or failure of previous regional and national initiatives  Bureaucracy

Planning Production Evaluation Train Sea Coast Methodology

Approach  Background Lessons learned  Concept Do not transfer knowledge for a certain level / Fill the gaps in S/K/L  Team Not directed by thematic experts but CD’s  Geography Not local/regional or global  Methodology Train skills/teach knowledge/develop attitudes

Skills  Intellectual skills –Classifying –Discriminating –Rule using –Problem solving  Physical skills

What is the Problem? Nutrient Pollution in the Black Sea from Agricultural Activities

Who should we train? Farmers’ Leaders

What will be their duties and tasks?

Duty 1. Review current information on legal policy and international arrangements Gather information identify and review new laws on regulations identify and review new products identify and review new technologies identify existing policy instruments Interpret policy developments for different stakeholders determine common ground applicable to all the stakeholders identify the impact of new policies, legislation relevant to the farming community adopt policy requirements into daily practice Identify roles and responsibilities of relevant stakeholders draw an institutional map identify linkages between government and non-governmental stakeholders diagnose weaknesses in current institutional arrangements

Duty 2. Analyze farmers’ concerns Identify and evaluate farmers’ inputs as regard to environmentally friendly agricultural practices Gather information Estimate and evaluate the future inputs Evaluate +/- for those inputs Identify the accessibility to information and expertise investigate the sources of information Determine difficulties farmers facing in accessing them learn the inaccessible sources investigate non-known sources analyze the reason for being non-known Identify the market conditions and economical status of the farmers learn economical problems of farmers analyze inputs of market forces for farmers in the future Analize + and – changes in farmers economy because of the new practices Determine the level of environmental awareness determine environmental concerns related to agricultural activities, determine the degree of environmental awareness check the farmers reaction to changing the environmental practices in favor of environment

Duty 3. Learn environmentally friendly agricultural techniques to farmers Learn the techniques of sustainable agriculture assessment of soil condition Plant growth management IrrigationFertilization Pest management Learn techniques for organic farming assessment of soil conditions plant growth management for organic farming Irrigation application of biological agents for fertilization and pest management certification schemes Learn the techniques for arable/livestock farming and manure management animal husbandry techniques safe storage of manure proper manure application alternative sustainable uses of manure safe disposal Learn techniques for farming in sensitive areas location and characteristics develop sustainable solutions to prevent nutrient pollution Learn techniques to control erosion and run-off/drainage interrelations between the environment and topography, geology, and meteorology erosion prevention measures flood control measures

Duty 4. Evaluate the impact of the advisory services Obtain farmers’ feedback Identify most suitable method and mechanisms for feedback collection from menu provided Implement the feedback method Keep records record advisory process keep media records on activity Report case studies select the best and worst case experience each year report the case Report on results make a summary report report

How to train them?

MODULE 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS IN AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES Basic concepts of environmental pollution Impact of nutrients on environment State of Black Sea in terms of nutrient pollution History of past and ongoing efforts for pollution abatement in the Black Sea Basin Policy changes and legislative developments that will impact the farmer’s community Nutrient pollution from agriculture Overview of environmentally friendly agricultural practices History of the TRAIN-SEA-COAST Programme Course’s purpose, objectives, methodology and structure.

MODULE 2: LEGAL, POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS Importance of gathering relevant information on key agricultural legal, policy and institutional issues in the Black Sea basin on a continuous basis Regional and national policy frameworks National institutional and legal framework Integration of new policy requirements into daily practice Ability to draw an institutional map and identify key linkages between governmental and non-governmental stakeholders Importance of conflicts and/or interests among stakeholders Weaknesses in current institutional arrangements

MODULE 3: FARMER’S CONCERNS Farmers’ inputs to environmental friendly agricultural practices Current market conditions and economical status of the farmers Input of market forces (and impacts ) for farmers in the future due to the introduction of new farming practices Current level of environmental awareness among the farmer community Farmer’s concerns and attitudes regarding changing farming practices towards the protection of the environment Need to advice farmers on the availability of information and expertise Current impediments for the acquisition of data and information

MODULE 4: ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY AGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUES Techniques of sustainable agriculture Techniques for organic farming Techniques for livestock farming and manure management Techniques for farming in sensitive area Techniques to control erosion and run-off drainage

MODULE 5: ADVICE, DEVELOP LEADERSHİP AND COMMUNICATION To be imported from TSC-Philippines and adapted for the BS Region

MODULE 6: EVALUATION OF THE ADVISORY SERVICES Importance of on-going communication with the farmers Most suitable mechanisms for feedback collection Importance of keeping records Extraction of abreast of success and failures in the locality/region Preparation of reports

Thanks for listening Have a clean Black Sea