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Chapter 5 Ligand gated ion channels, intracellular receptors and phosphorylation cascades

You Must Know The function of ligand gated ion channels, intracellular receptors and phosphorylation cascades.

ligand-gated ion channel Ions Plasma membrane Signaling molecule (ligand) 1 Gate closed Ligand-gated ion channel receptor © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Cellular response Gate open 2 Gate closed 3 Ions diffuse through the open channel

Steroid hormone interacting with an intracellular receptor. Only cells that contain receptors for the signal can respond to it. Plasma membrane Hormone (testosterone) EXTRA- CELLULAR FLUID © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Hydrophobic Plasma membrane Hormone- receptor complex Receptor protein Hormone (testosterone) EXTRA- CELLULAR FLUID Hydrophobic DNA Plasma membrane Hormone- receptor complex Receptor protein New protein Hormone (testosterone) mRNA EXTRA- CELLULAR FLUID CYTOPLASM NUCLEUS Hydrophobic Intracellular receptors

Figure 5.26 Phosphorylation cascade Inactive transcription factor NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM DNA mRNA Gene Active transcription factor Response Reception Transduction Receptor Growth factor © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

phosphorylation cascade Receptor Signaling molecule Activated relay molecule Inactive protein kinase 1 Phosphorylation cascade Inactive protein kinase 2 Active protein kinase 1 Active protein kinase 2 Active protein Inactive protein Cellular response ADP Protein phosphatases Protein kinase Protein kinases transfer phosphates from ATP to protein, a process called phosphorylation.

Figure 5.26 Phosphorylation cascade Inactive transcription factor NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM DNA mRNA Gene Active transcription factor Response Reception Transduction Growth factor Receptor © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.