A program of ITEST (Information Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers) funded by the National Science Foundation Background Session #6 DNA Sequencing.

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A program of ITEST (Information Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers) funded by the National Science Foundation Background Session #6 DNA Sequencing and Using DNA Sequences May 31, 2008 Dr. Simona Bartl Adjunct Professor Moss Landing Marine Labs

May 31st Workshop2 Intro to DNA Sequencing

May 31st Workshop3 Definition  A technique used to determine the sequence of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule or fragment bioweb.wku.edu

May 31st Workshop4 Application Examples  DNA sequencing is commonly used to…  Identify useful regions of DNA for other applications  Identify nucleotides in a gene and the inferred protein sequence  Generate data for taxonomic analysis  Identify gene defects associated with certain diseases  Analyze whole genomes

May 31st Workshop5 Non-examples  DNA sequencing is NOT commonly used for…  DNA fingerprinting  Making monoclonal antibodies  Conducting stem cell research

May 31st Workshop6 Techniques  Maxam-Gilbert (chemical cleavage)  DNA broken into fragments of various lengths  Sanger (chain termination or dideoxy sequencing)  DNA synthesis is blocked at varying sites  Dye-terminator sequencing  Combines Sanger and PCR  Reactions are denatured and separated by size

May 31st Workshop7 Dye-terminator sequencing

May 31st Workshop8 Using DNA sequences  Finding the right level of variation to differentiate:  Individuals  Populations  Species  Higher taxa  Using levels of variation to determine:  Degrees of relatedness  Time of divergence (based on mutation rate)