METHODS OF SUBJECTIVEEXAMINATION SUBJECTIVEEXAMINATION MUDr. Pavel Stodůlka,PhD.

VISUAL ACUITY The eye can distinguish two points as separte when the angle of view is 1´ or greater. Then the points stimulate cones leaving at least one between them unstimulated. The eye can distinguish two points as separte when the angle of view is 1´ or greater. Then the points stimulate cones leaving at least one between them unstimulated.

VISUAL ACUITY EXAMINATION u optotypes u 6 meters u V = 6/6 … 6/60 u first right eye, left, both FAR DISTANCE

T F U N O V V P O Z N C U F O D L P V N H F O F C U F O V P T Snellen’s optotype / chart ,5 6

T F U N O V V P O Z N C U F O D L P V N H F O F C U F O V P T Visual acuity examination – far distance ,5 6 V 6/60 = 0,1 V 6/6 = 1,0 V 6/12 = 0,5

logarithmical optotype Landolt’s C / opened rings

VISUAL ACUITY EXAMINATION u full-line method u threshold method – at least 50% right FAR DISTANCE

T F U N O V V P O Z N C U F O D L P V N H F O F C U F O V P T , full-line method method 2. threshold method method V 6/24 V 6/12

EXAMINATION of weak-sighted EXAMINATION of weak-sighted u optotypes from 6 meters u optotypes from 1 meters u optotypes from 0,5 m u finger counting from 1m to 20cm u hand motion in front of the eye u light perception, light projection

T F U N O V V P O Z N C U F O D L P V N H F O F C U F O V P T Visual acuity examination of weak-sighted from 1m ,5 6 V 1/60 V 1/6 V 1/12

EXAMINATION of weak-sighted EXAMINATION of weak-sighted u optotypes from 6 meters u optotypes from 1 meters u optotypes from 0,5 m u finger counting from 1m to 20cm u hand motion in front of the eye u light perception, light projection

T F U N O V V P O Z N C U F O D L P V N H F O F C U F O V P T ,5 6 Practical(legal)blindness V 1/36 (from 1 meter)

VISUAL ACUITY EXAMINATION u 35 centimeters u Jager’s chart u from nr. 1 to nr. 14 u first right eye, left, both close distance

REFRACTION EXAMINATION u OBJECTIVE - skiaskopy - autorefractometer - autorefractometer u SUBJECTIVE - optotypes + glasses case optotypes + glasses case

u contrast sensitivity u adaptation to the darkness u colour sense OTHER SUBJECTIVE EYE EXAMINATIONS

COLOUR SENSE u wave length nm u blue 450nm u green 550nm u red 580nm

COLOUR SENSE pseudoisochromatic pseudoisochromaticcharts

pseudoisochromatic charts pseudoisochromatic charts

PERIMETRY = examination of the visual field

PERIMETRY u COMPUTER-ASSISTED PERIMETRY static qvantitative perimetry static qvantitative perimetry u GOLDMANN’S PERIMETER kinetic perimetry kinetic perimetry

Computer-assistedperimeter

PERIMETRY SCOTOMA SCOTOMA= defect in visual field defect in visual field

SCOTOMA u ABSOLUTE - doesn’t see anything u RELATIVE - decreased visual sensitivity u POSITIVE - realizes that u NEGATIVE – doesn’t realize that

PHYZIOL. SCOTOMA u „blind spot“ u place where the optic nerve enters the retina

BREAK ! BREAK !