What is the difference between a conservative and a liberal? What are some conservative beliefs? What are some liberal beliefs?

 Liberte (Liberty): › led to liberalism  Egalite (Equality): › led to socialism  Fraternite (Fraternity): › led to nationalism & imperialism

 New wealth › Possessed by bourgeois  New working conditions › Experienced by socialists  New trade patterns › Internal competition in Europe › Imperialist expansion

 Monarchs, noble-landowners, church leaders › Approved of a social order where the lower classes obeyed the upper class › Backed the idea of an established church  Peasants › Wanted to preserve traditional ways

 talk of natural rights and a constitutional government would only lead to chaos  change must come slowly  their work benefited all people by maintaining peace and stability

 Formed “Concert of Europe” › group of monarchs who worked together to suppress revolutionary ideas in Europe

 The bourgeoisie – the ‘middle class’ › business owners, bankers, lawyers, politicians

 a written constitution  Separation of powers  protection of natural rights of indivudiuals  Idea of a republic › wanted rulers elected by the people

 to protect basic rights  NOT TO… › interfere with business › strongly supported laissez faire economics – saw the free market as “opportunity” for all

 extreme pride in your nation  gives people a sense of identity  Early 1800s  Early 1800s - groups with shared heritage set out to win their own states › Goal: create their own homeland

 Serbs against Ottoman empire  Greeks revolt against Ottomans  French rebels fight for constitutional monarch  Belgium wins indepence  Poles fight (but fail)  France revolts again…

 Middle class wanted a greater share of political power  Workers demand wanted relief from miseries  Nationalists of ALL classes wanted to be rid of foreign rule