Foreign Terrorism on Airlines of America PERCIVAL PERLAS (APUSH Per. 4) PROJECT SOURCES AND “QUESTIONS TO KEEP IN MIND” ANSWERS!

SOURCES: 2 Primary: "I Knew Bin Laden Video Interview." Al Jazeera. 10 May Web. 16 May Kean, Thomas, and Lee H Hamilton. The 9/11 Commission Report. National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, /11 Commission Online Version. Web. 18 May

SOURCES (cont.) Secondary & Other Sources: Adams, Marilyn. "Small Companies Help Airlines Fortify Cockpit Doors." USA Today. N.p., 15 Oct Web. 18 May Bajoria, Jayshree. "Al Qaeda Facts." Council on Foreign Relations. N.p., 2 May Web. 18 May McGee, Bill. "The State of Airline Security." USA Today. N.p., 27 Feb Web. 18 May Morrison, David. "Why Al-Qaeda Attacked The U.S." The David Morrison Website. N.p., Jan Web. 18 May Pan Am Flight 103. Nov Al Jazeera News. Web. 18 May Parashar, Swati. "Terrorism: The 'root causes.'" South Asia Analysis Group. N.p., 29 Aug Web. 18 May *All images come from Google images..

SOURCES (cont.)

Remember the questions to keep in mind? 1) What type of violence was put onto the airplanes by terrorists? 2) What is the name of the person overseeing the Bojinka plot? 3) How has terrorism evolved over the years? 4) How are flights secured? Do you feel safe? Explain.

ANSWERS! 1)Violence on airplanes put on by terrorists include of bombings and hijackings primarily. 2) Ramzi Yousef 3) Terrorism on airplanes was seen since the 1930’s. The first terrorist attack on an airline was on the United Airline’s Chesterton crash, in which a bomb ruined the whole aircraft. Foreign terrorism then evolved because of foreign policy disputes, and their way of attacking has developed since the 1930’s. The 1980’s included of bombs destroying the entire aircraft. The 1990’s was worse, especially through Operation Bojinka plot, in which US airliners would have blown up in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. The only part of the operation that went well was the test-run, in which a Philippine Airline aircraft blew up, and killed a passenger. Fortunately, the pilots were able to safely land the aircraft. Because of that evidence came out, and Operation Bojinka was put to a stop. Finally, now into the 21 st century, evidently, terrorism tactics developed especially through 9/11. 9/11 included of hijacking four U.S. aircrafts (2 United Airlines and 2 American Airlines). In their hijacking, they used knives and boxcutters, and drove the planes into the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, or the field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania.

ANSWERS (CONT.) 4) Flights are secured now in America in many ways after 9/11: AIRPORTS: -Security is conducted by the TSA (Transportation Security Administration) which is a government company, NOT a private one. -Shoes must be x-rayed. -Passengers walk through metal detectors and go through enhanced screening. -Passenger X-ray systems are being implemented into the airports. INFLIGHT: -U.S Armed Air Marshals are onboard most flights. -Flight attendants are trained in self-defense. -Cockpit doors have now been fortified to prevent intrusion. Do you feel safe? (Your opinion )