Sensory systems. What do sensory systems do? Information about the world Each system responds in a specific way to a stimulus They use specialized cells,

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Presentation transcript:

Sensory systems

What do sensory systems do? Information about the world Each system responds in a specific way to a stimulus They use specialized cells, peripheral receptors Transduce the energy –Into a change in membrane potential – Represent stimulus in a signal that all neurons can use: –Same currency, action potentials

Different stimulus energies ( Platypus )

Different stimulus energies ( Platypus ) Electroreception through sensitive bill

Different stimulus qualities ( Bees, dolphins ) Separate groups of neurons Constantly updating

Rubin vase Interaction between Ascending, stimulus-driven Descending, goal-oriented (Focusing attention) This interplay shows: Difference between sensation and perception

Sensory neurons signal events using… Rate codes (stimulus intensity) Spatial codes (stimulus density, acuity) Temporal codes (stimulus frequency)

Psychophysics The quantitative relationship between a stimulus and a sensation A typical sigmoid function

Neuroscience in the 21 st century: Connecting psychophysical measures to neural activity Work by Bill Newsome, Mike Shadlen, etc. e.g. Motion coherence stimuli

Neuroscience in the 21 st century: Connecting psychophysical measures to neural activity Work by Bill Newsome, Mike Shadlen, etc. e.g. Motion coherence stimuli

Neuroscience in the 21 st century: Connecting psychophysical measures to neural activity Work by Bill Newsome, Mike Shadlen, etc. e.g. Motion coherence stimuli

Effect of motion coherence on behaviour Effect of motion coherence on neural activity Neuroscience in the 21 st century: Connecting psychophysical measures to neural activity

Effect of motion coherence on behaviour Effect of motion coherence on neural activity Neuroscience in the 21 st century: Connecting psychophysical measures to neural activity

Sensory neurons Get from physical energy to action potentials

Receptors Specific for a narrow range of input Vary across sensory systems All lead to a change in membrane voltage –photoreceptors: closure of Na + channels hyperpolarizing –mechanoreceptors: opening of Na + channels depolarizing

Common anatomical plan Cross the midline on the way to thalamus (To modality-specific thalamic nuclei) And then onto primary sensory areas Six layers III and IV receive axons from thalamus (granular cortex) From layers III and IV, projections onto other layers II: Ipsilateral (feed forward) III: Contralateral (unified percept) V: Spinal cord etc. (motor control) VI: Back to thalamus (focusing)