Chapter 20 Transition to Parenthood All Elsevier items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002, Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

 Period of change and instability for all men and women  Adoptive or biologic parents  Married or single parents  Lesbian or gay couples  Parenting is a process of role transition  Requires cognitive, affective, and motor skill  Infant’s well-being and development depends on these components Transition to Parenthood 2 All Elsevier items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002, Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

 Process  Attachment  Bonding  Proximity  Interaction  Mutuality  Acquaintance  Claiming process Parental Attachment, Bonding, and Acquaintance 3 All Elsevier items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002, Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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 Careful observation of specific behaviors  Formation of emotional bonds  Skillful observation and intervening  Enhance parent-infant contact by increasing parent’s awareness of infant responses  Rooming-in Assessment of Attachment Behaviors 7 All Elsevier items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002, Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

 Early contact  May facilitate attachment process  Skin to skin immediately after birth  Extended contact  Optimizes family-centered care  Achieved through couplet care  Family is encouraged to participate Parent-Infant Contact 8 All Elsevier items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002, Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

 The senses  Touch  Eye contact (en face)  Voice  Odor  Entrainment  Biorhythmicity  Reciprocity and synchrony Communication Between Parent and Infant 9 All Elsevier items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002, Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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 Transition to parenthood  Parental tasks and responsibilities  Becoming a mother  Dependent behavior  Dependent-independent behavior  Interdependent behavior  Postpartum blues Parental Role After Childbirth 13 All Elsevier items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002, Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

 Becoming a father  Father-infant relationship  Engrossment  Adjustment for the couple  Resuming sexual intimacy Parental Role After Childbirth (Cont.) 14 All Elsevier items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002, Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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 Rhythm  Alert state  Sleep wake patterns  Behavioral repertoires  Gazing, vocalizing, facial expressions  Body gestures  Responsivity  Smiling, cooing, en face Infant-Parent Adjustment 16 All Elsevier items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002, Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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 Age  Adolescent mother or father  New parents older than 35 years  Parenting in the lesbian couple  Social support  Culture  Socioeconomic conditions  Personal aspirations Diversity in Transitions to Parenthood 18 All Elsevier items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002, Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

 Visually-impaired parent  Does not have negative effect on parenting  Heightened sensitivity to other sensory output  Skepticism by health care professionals  Infant will need sensory input from other parent Parental Sensory Impairment 19 All Elsevier items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002, Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

 Hearing-impaired parent  Mother and partner establish an independent household  Technologic devices aid in parenting  Young children acquire sign language readily Parental Sensory Impairment (Cont.) 20 All Elsevier items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002, Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

 Siblings have to assume new positions within the family hierarchy  Reactions manifested in behavioral changes  Involvement in planning and care  Acquaintance behaviors Sibling Adaptation 21 All Elsevier items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002, Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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 Most often associated with joy  May feel regret due to poor health or geographical distance  Grandparents are eager to help  Maternal grandmother is called on the most  Intergenerational relationships shift  Involvement dependent on cultural and familial factors Grandparent Adaptation 23 All Elsevier items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002, Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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 Nursing care directed toward:  Helping parents cope with infant care  Role changes  Altered lifestyle  Change in family structure due to new baby  Anticipatory guidance Care Management 26 All Elsevier items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002, Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

 A 30-year-old multiparous woman has a boy who is 2½ years old and now an infant girl. She tells the nurse, “I don’t know how I’ll ever manage both children when I get home.” Which suggestion would best help this woman alleviate sibling rivalry?  Tell the older child that he is a big boy now and should love his new sister. Question 27 All Elsevier items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002, Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

 Let the older child stay with his grandparents for the first 6 weeks to allow him to adjust to the newborn.  Ask friends and relatives not to bring gifts to the older sibling because you do not want to spoil him.  Realize that the regression in habits and behaviors in the older child is a typical reaction and that he needs extra love and attention at this time. Question (Cont.) 28 All Elsevier items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002, Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc.