Prokaryote Cells Eukaryote PlantAnimal Protists BacteriaArchaea Fungi Nucleus present Membrane bound organelles Linear DNA Single or multi- celled NO Nucleus NO Membrane bound organelles Circular DNA Single celled

Classify as single or multi-celled, prokaryotic or eukaryotic, & kingdom HumanMultiEukaryoticAnimal CatMultiEukaryoticAnimal BacteriaSingleProkaryoticBacteria Oak TreeMultiEukaryoticPlant Gold FishMultiEukaryoticAnimal EuglenaSinleEukaryoticProtists MushroomMultiEukaryoticFungi FlyMultiEukaryoticAnimal SnakeMultiEukaryoticAnimal ParameciumSingleEukaryoticProtist DaffodilMultiEukaryoticPlant CyanobacteriaSingleEukaryoticProtist VirusNone KelpmultiEukaryoticprotist

Methods of Transport Going in = nutrients, water, sugar, ions, amino acids, fats, oxygen Going out = waste, carbon dioxide, proteins, sugar, hormones Active Transport –Requires energy; uses transport protein Passive transport –Does not require energy –Moves from high to low concentration –Wants to reach equilibrium

Passive Transport Diffusion Osmosis –Movement of water from area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration (from hypotonic to hypertonic) Hypotonic = lower solute concentration Hypertonic = higher solute concentration Facilitated Diffusion

InterphaseProphase MetaphaseAnaphaseTelophase

MitosisMeiosis 2 identical daughter cellsX 4 identical daughter cellsX Chromosomes number halvedX Chromosomes number maintainedX 2 rounds of divisionX One round of divisionX Sexual reproductionX Asexual reproductionX Genetic variation more likelyX Daughter cells identical to parentX Daughter cells not identical to parentX Duplication of chromosomes occursXX Growth & maintenanceX Produces gametesX

Genetics Dominant Allele = fully expressed Recessive Allele = only shows if dominant allele is absent Homozygous = having 2 same allele Heterozygous = having two different alleles Phenotype = physical and physiological traits; what is expressed; what you see Y = yellow; y = green GenotypeDescriptionPhenotype YYHomozygous dominantyellow YyHeterozygousyellow yyHomozygous recessivegreen

A chicken and a rooster mate. The chicken has white feathers and the rooster has brown feathers. Brown is dominant, and white is recessive. Assuming the rooster is heterozygous, predict the frequency of each genotype and phenotype in their offspring.

Flow of Energy in Ecosystem Heterotrophs = obtain energy through food they eat Autotrophs = obtain energy from the sun & soil Producers = make own food using sun Consumers = eats organisms –Primary consumer Eats producer –Secondary consumer eats consumer that eats producer

Food chain & food webs –Producers are at the beginning –Decomposers at the end

Living Together Mutualism –Both benefit –Ants & aphids Commensalism –One benefits other is neither harmed nor helped –Birds & bison Parasitism –One benefits other is harmed –Fungus on trees

Charles Darwin’s Natural Selection Organsisms that are best adapted to environment are more likely to live long enough to produce offspring & pass on traits Survival of the fittest

Adaptation –Structural = organism’s anatomy (wings on a bird) –Physiological = relating to internal body processes (antibiotic resistance) –Behavioral = how organism reacts & responds to environment (bird migration)