Viruses: Living or Non Living?

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Presentation transcript:

Viruses: Living or Non Living? Phage = virus Bacteriophage = virus with bacteria host Virus = genetic info with protein shell

Viruses: Hershey – Chase Experiment

Viruses: Reproductive Cycle Lytic vs Lysogenic

Viruses: Retrovirus HIV: Retrovirus RNA instead of DNA Enzyme reverse transcriptase Once in host, converts RNA into DNA (reverse transcription)

Viruses: Retrovirus Reverse Transcription

Classification: Domains Major Division of Life: Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

Domain: Archaebacteria Archaea live in EXTREME conditions anaerobic swamps salt lakes acidic hot springs deep-sea hydrothermal vents animal digestive systems

Kingdom MONERA (Bacteria) Prokaryotes - oldest life-forms Remain most numerous and widespread organisms on Earth today

Kingdom MONERA Prokaryotic: no nucleus, no organelles Single-celled, Contains double-stranded circular chromosomal DNA Cell wall: peptidoglycan

Kingdom MONERA: Shapes Spheres (cocci): most common Rods (bacilli) Curves or spirals

Kingdom MONERA Cyanobacteria: Bacteria: Autotrophs Photoautotrophs and Chemoautotrophs Bacteria: heterotrophs

Kingdom MONERA: Genetic Engineering Bacteria can reproduce both asexually (binary fission) and sexually This discovery led to the development of recombinant DNA technology a set of techniques for combining genes from different sources

Kingdom MONERA: Gene Exchanging Can occur in 3 ways Transformation: taking up of DNA from the fluid surrounding the cell DNA enters cell Fragment of DNA from another bacterial cell Bacterial chromosome (DNA)

Kingdom MONERA: Gene Exchanging Transduction: transfer of bacterial genes by phage (virus) Conjugation: union of cells and the DNA transfer between them Phage Fragment of DNA from another bacterial cell (former phage host)

Kingdom MONERA: Plasmids Plasmid: a small circular DNA molecule separate from the bacterial chromosome

Kingdom MONERA: Genetic Engineering Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific points DNA ligase “pastes” the DNA fragments together The result is recombinant DNA

Kingdom MONERA: Recombinant DNA