Unit 2 Day 10 Warm UP Pick 2 vocab words from the list in your notebook. Draw a picture that explains the word OR write two sentences that make it clear you understand what the word means. Vocab quiz Thursday.

Unit 2: Latin America Revolutions Agenda: -Warm up -Review -Leaders of the Revolutions -Cortez takes over - Mexican Independence Thursday: Out of the frying pan and into the fire -Mexican Revolution and Mexico Today

CAUSES PROBLEMS OF THE SPANISH EMPIRE THE ENLIGHTENMENT THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

SOCIAL HIERARCHY P C M & M I & A Peninsulares: Native Spaniards Creoles: People of pure European blood But born in the New World Mestizos: Indian + Europea n blood Mulattos: African + European blood Indians and Africans CAUS ES

LEADERS BOLIVARBOLIVAR HIDALGOHIDALGO MORELOSMORELOS SANMARTINSANMARTIN Leaders of Latin American Revolutions

SIMON BOLIVAR * Called the “George Washington of South America.” * Liberated territories of modern day Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, & Bolivia * Plan for a federated Latin America was crushed by political in-fighting. * Elite Creole planterMilitary General LEADER S

SIMON BOLIVAR * Called the “George Washington of South America.” * Liberated territories of modern day Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, & Bolivia * Plan for a federated Latin America was crushed by political in-fighting. * Elite Creole planterMilitary General LEADER S

JOSE DE SAN MARTIN * Creole officer who had trained in European armies. * Liberated Argentina from Spanish control. * Met with Bolivar in Guayaquil in While Bolivar favored democracy, San Martin felt only monarchy could work. Turned over command. * Died in obscurity in Europe. LEADER S

MIGUEL HIDALGO * Highly educated Creole priest assigned to town of Dolores, Mexico. * September 16, 1810: El Grito de Dolores. * Led a rag-tag army toward Mexico City, unleashing mass slaughter of peninsulares in path. * Never made it to the capital -- Captured and shot in Hidalgo rang the church bell and called upon his mestizo and indigenous parishioners to take up arms against the Spanish. LEADER S

JOSE MORELOS *Mestizo Priest who took over from Hidalgo. * Established a congress which: *Created a declaration of rights *Abolished slavery *Declared equality of classes * Much more successful general “With three such men as Jose Morelos, I could conquer the world.” - Napoleon Bonaparte *Captured and executed in December 1815 MENU LEADER S

You say you want a revolution, Well, you know……. We all want to change the world….. The Beatles How has the tone changed from Bob Marley? EFFECTS

Dictatorship of the Council of the Indies and the Viceroys Dictatorship of the Caudillos Unequal trade relationship with Spain benefiting Unequal trade relationship with Great Britain and the U.S. benefiting Native Spaniards at the top of the social ladder, followed by creoles, and with the rest of the population at the bottom Creoles at the top of the ladder with the rest of the population at the bottom.

Mexican Independence

Cortez to New Spain

The Mexican Revolution AIM: What were the key events of Mexican Independence?

1.Mexican Road to Freedom Mexico has a long and complicated history Mexico won its independence from Spain and then had a series of civil wars These civil wars are often referred to as revolutions Current Mexican society and government is a reflection of this long process of freedom

2. Independence from Spain After Napoleon invades Spain in 1808, many Spanish Colonies in Americas begin revolts Sept. 1810: Catholic Priest Miguel Hidalgo issues Grito de Dolores (Cry of Dolores), calling for a war of independence After initial success, Hidalgo captured and killed After Hidalgo’s death, other peasant leaders emerge

Independence from Spain 1820: New Spanish government passes reforms to appease revolutionaries, but powerful & wealthy Royalists in Mexico now join fight for independence –To maintain their privileges in society—wanted to control new government Treaty of Cordoba (1821) granted Mexico independence from Spain A monarchy was set up with a Mexican emperor

3. The Caudillos In 1823, Santa Anna and Guadalupe Victoria overthrow the first emperor and establish a Mexican republic Victoria becomes president of Mexico Later, Santa Anna stages a military coup Santa Anna was the first of many strong men or caudillos who ruled Mexico over the next several decades

The Caudillos Porfirio Diaz –In power for over 30 years –Begins as effective dictator: reduces crime, Stable government brings investments (wealth) creates strong military –Mexico has HUGE gap between rich and poor –Few wealthy elites possess all power, land and resources Porfirio Diaz

Summary Let’s summarize what we learned today Two key events of Mexican Independence were _______________ and ______________.

Caudillos! Caudillos cartoon project: 1.Read directions on assignment page 2.Read again! 3.Use pages 453 to 459 in your textbook 4.Use your notes 5.Create two awesome cartoons! AIM: Because land remained the basis of wealth and power, land elites dominated Latin American countries.

The Revolution What inspired a change? –Mexicans of all social classes tired of dictatorship of Diaz –Lower and working classes were poor and had been exploited by Diaz to create wealth –Middle/upper class wanted to participate in politics and gov’t Diaz had small circle of aristocrats and full control of government

The Interview In 1908, Diaz gives an interview to American reporter –Claims Mexico is ready for Democracy –Says he welcomes free elections (but doesn’t really mean it) Francisco Madero, a lawyer, challenges Diaz in 1910 election Diaz has Madero put in prison right before election and declares himself the winner! After Madero is freed, he flees to Texas: –Publishes Plan de San Luis Potosi, which calls for armed revolution against Diaz on Nov. 20, 1910 Francisco Madero

The Revolution Madero joins forces –Pancho Villa (top) leading troops in North –Emiliano Zapata (right) leading troops in South –Led Campesinos in cry of “Tierra y Libertad” (Land and Freedom) –DIAZ DEFEATED –Madero elected president of Mexico (1911)

Trouble…. Revolutionaries (Madero, Zapata, Villa) shared common goals of ending dictatorship After Madero, problems: –Madero fought for political changes –Zapata and Villa fought for social, agrarian (land) reform

Another Revolution Nov. 1911: Zapata proclaims Plan de Ayala—goal of revolution was to redistribute land among poor Led new armed revolt against new Madero gov’t Dec. 1913: Decena Tragica (Tragic 10 days) –Madero captured, killed –Gen. Victoriano Huerta (Madero’s military leader) names himself president

…And another Revolution March 1913: Venustiano Carranza (Coahuila governor) proclaims Plan de Guadalupe –Rejects Huerta’s government –Wants to continue Madero’s policies –Villa, Zapata still control huge parts of Northern, Southern Mexico—join with Carranza to overthrow Huerta in July 1914

Venustiano Carranza New President Carranza (1913) –Begins by protecting interest of upper classes –Again, Zapata and Villa turn on the president— launch revolt –Zapata actually declares himself president, takes the state of Morelos—seizes land and distributes to poor workers –Carranza lasts as president from Forms new constitution (still in effect today) EJIDO: farm cooperative program that redistributes much land from wealthy to peasants Almost 1 million Mexicans fled to U.S.— fleeing violence and chaos

Do Now 1/5/2011 What are these animals called? Where are they found in the wild?

Wombat!

Reading Analysis Format Write your name at top of article You can write on article…actually, it’s kind of a big deal Helps you understand reading better

Requirements Find 10 vocabulary words and define them using textbook or dictionary Circle/highlight 3 paragraphs in reading and translate into your own words/ideas Create 5 questions that you would ask someone to make sure they read article Finally, what is the Origin, Purpose, Value and Limitation of this article? I will help.

OPVL Origin: Where did it come from? Purpose: What is the purpose of the article? Value: How is the article useful? Limitations: What does the article leave out? What are the limits to what is included in it?

DO NOW 1/6/2011 What is this animal? Where does it live?

Aardvark!

DO NOW 1/7/2011 What is this animal? Where does it live?

Echidna! (k-i-dna)

Revolutions! Each document should be labeled with the revolution it comes from. Write a 2 to 3-sentence explanation of each document, incorporating the available terms from your notes and textbook, where they are most relevant This will be considered the “take-home” part of the Revolution Exam; rest of exam will be completed tomorrow in class.

Revolutions! Hand in BOTH parts of the exam with your name on BOTH! Try your best with all questions You may use notes and assignments

Question? What inspired the changes in all 3 revolutions? What was similar? What was different?

Spartswrite! Examples of topic sentences: –The American, French and Mexican Revolutions were all successful because of courageous leaders who….. –The American, French and Mexican Revolutions all struggled to create a successful government after the initial revolution because….. –The American, French and Mexican Revolutions were all caused because the poor and working classes felt…..