06/02/2016radiation safety - level 51 Radiation safety level 5 Frits Pleiter.

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Presentation transcript:

06/02/2016radiation safety - level 51 Radiation safety level 5 Frits Pleiter

06/02/2016radiation safety - level 52 Contents  atomic and nuclear physics(1)  interaction with matter(3) o sources and x-ray equipment (2) o shielding (3) o detection (4) o radiobiology (6) objective risk of radiation (6) subjective risk acceptation (6)  quantities and units(5)  regulations(7) o practical health physics (8 - 10) o waste (11)

06/02/2016radiation safety - level 53 Quantities and units activity = disintegrations / time(A)becquerel(Bq) exposure = charge / mass(X)röntgen(R) absorbed dose = energy / mass(D)gray(Gy) equivalent dose(H)sievert(Sv) effective dose(E)sievert(Sv) commited dose(E(50))sievert(Sv)

06/02/2016radiation safety - level 54 Quantities and units H T = w R  D T w R = radiation weighting factor E =  T w T  H T w T = tissue weighting factor  T w T = 1 E(50) = e(50)  Ae(50) = effective dose coefficient E(50) is summed over 50 year E(50) is attributed to the year of intake

06/02/2016radiation safety - level 55 Quantities and units radiation weighting factor typew R  -radiation20  -radiation 1  -radiation 1 neutrons (depending on energy)

06/02/2016radiation safety - level 56 Quantities and units tissue weighting factor organw T gonades0.20 bone marrrow0.12 large intestine0.12 lungs0.12 stomach0.12 bladder0.05 breast tissue0.05 liver0.05 oesophagus0.05 thyroid0.05 skin0.01 bone surface0.01 remainder0.05

06/02/2016radiation safety - level 57 Quantities and units appropriate language what is meant by a dose of 2 Sv on the thyroid an absorbed dose of 2 Gy on the thyroid ? for the unit of dose is gray an equivalent dose of 2 Sv on the thyroid ? in that case the effective dose was 0.05  2 = 0.10 Sv an effective dose of 2 Sv due to an irradiation of the thyroid ? in that case the equivalent thyroid dose was 2 / 0.05 = 40 Sv

06/02/2016radiation safety - level 58 Quantities and units orders of magnitude activity in human body8.5 kBq activity handled in radionuclide laboratory1 kBq - 1 GBq activity used for medical diagnostics10 MBq - 1 GBq activity used for medical therapy100 MBq TBq annual dose from natural background1.6 mSv annual dose from medical diagnistics0.8 mSv annual limit for normal workers1 mSv annual limit for exposed workers 20 mSv lethal dose> 5 Sv

06/02/2016radiation safety - level 59 Quantities and units natural background radiation

06/02/2016radiation safety - level 510 Quantities and units radiation at large altitude