© 2005 Pearson Education Inc. Publishing as Longman Chapter 8: Recognizing Patterns II Active Reading Skills, 1/e Kathleen McWhorter PowerPoints by Gretchen Starks-Martin

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc. Publishing as Longman Comparison/Contrast Patterns Comparison: Explains how items, people, or events are alike. Contrast: Explains how items, people, or events are different.

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc. Publishing as Longman Compare & Contrast Two Professors Similarities:  Both require attendance.  Both give essay exams.  Both are fair.  Both have a sense of humor.  Both wear casual clothes. Differences:  Only Miller assigns a term paper.  Only Wright demands class participation.  Wright is married, while Miller is single.  They graduated from different universities. Items A and B: Professor Miller and Professor Wright

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc. Publishing as Longman Comparison Pattern Item AItem B Similarity 1 Similarity 2 Similarity 3

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc. Publishing as Longman Transitions Used in Comparison Pattern alike same similar similarity like likewise both just as each in common

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc. Publishing as Longman Contrast Pattern Item AItem B Difference 1 Difference 2

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc. Publishing as Longman Transitions Used in Contrast Pattern unlike different difference on the other hand instead in contrast despite nevertheless however but

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc. Publishing as Longman Using Both Comparison and Contrast Similarities:  Both require attendance.  Both give essay exams.  Both are fair.  Both have a sense of humor.  Both wear casual clothes. Differences:  Only Miller assigns a term paper.  Only Wright demands class participation.  Wright is married, while Miller is single.  They graduated from different universities. Items A and B: Professor Miller and Professor Wright

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc. Publishing as Longman Cause/Effect Patterns Writers use the cause/effect pattern to explain why an event or action causes another event or action.

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc. Publishing as Longman Single Cause/Multiple Effects Cause Effect A Effect B Effect C

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc. Publishing as Longman Single Cause/Multiple Effects Overexposure to the sun Burned skin Wrinkles and age spots Skin cancer

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc. Publishing as Longman Multiple Causes/ Single Effect Effect Cause A Cause B Cause C

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc. Publishing as Longman Multiple Causes/ Single Effect Good Exam Grade Attend class Take Notes Study the text

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc. Publishing as Longman Transitions in Cause/ Effect Pattern causeeffect becauseconsequently because ofas a result sinceone result is due to therefore reasonsthus

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc. Publishing as Longman Other Useful Patterns Classification Statement and Clarification Summary Addition Spatial Order

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc. Publishing as Longman Classification Pattern Topics are divided into parts and each part is explained. Transitions: another, another kind classified as include is composed of one types of

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc. Publishing as Longman Statement and Clarification Writers make a statement of fact and then clarify or explain that statement. Transitions: in fact in other words clearly evidently obviously

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc. Publishing as Longman Summary A summary is a condensed statement that provides the key points of a larger idea or piece of writing. Transitions: in summary in conclusion in brief to summarize to sum up in short on the whole

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc. Publishing as Longman Addition Writers introduce an idea or make a statement and then supply additional information about that idea or statement. Transitions: furthermore additionally also besides further in addition moreover again

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc. Publishing as Longman Spatial Order Spatial order is concerned with the physical location or position in space. (photography or automotive technology texts as an example)

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc. Publishing as Longman Spatial Order Transitions: above below besides next to in front of behind inside outside opposite within nearby

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