 Click here for hook video THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE 1300-1900s  Click here for hook video

BYZANTIUM RENAMED Byzantium  Greek city-state renamed Constantinople, 330 A.D. –location amazing for trade! Became capital city of Byzantine Empire Trade continued, cultural diffusion HUGE

CRUSADERS & TURKS FIGHT Crusades fought in Byzantine & invasions by Turks & Mongols common by 13th Century Turkish people loyal to their tribes & clans, but not to a central government Wanted to take down Crusaders & break up Empire to take over

GHAZIS Many Anatolian Turks saw themselves as GHAZIS – warriors for Islam (like Crusaders) Followed strict code of conduct Raided territories Muslim (believed in Islam)

OSMAN & OTTOMANS OSMAN  most successful ghazi & a Muslim His followers  OTTOMANS Builds unified empire by conquering & controlling lands in Anatolia (Turkey) Uses gunpowder Among 1st to use cannons & muskets

OTTOMAN CANNON

OTTOMAN CANNON

ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF OSMAN Takes over Byzantium area & establishes OTTOMAN EMPIRE, 1299 Kind ruler to those he conquered  Allowed local rulers to remain in place Improved lives of peasants Protected religious preferences Taxed people fairly (even non-Muslims) Rulers called SULTANS – “one with power”

RISE OF TIMUR THE LAME (TAMERLANE) TIMUR THE LAME: warrior from Asia Conquered Russia, Persia, northern India, & burned Baghdad to ground Butchered people in New Delhi & made pyramid of skulls Halted expansion of Ottoman Empire until 1405

TIMUR THE LAME’S EMPIRE

TIMUR THE LAME VIDEO

MEHMET II Son of last captured sultan, MEHMET II new sultan 1451 - builds fleet & massive army to attack Constantinople (wanted control of Bosporus Strait for trade & prosperity) 1453 – captured Constantinople & renamed it ISTANBUL new capital of their empire “Give me Constantinople!”

ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF MEHMET II Mehmet now called MEHMET THE CONQUEROR HAGIA SOPHIA (famous church) became a mosque Islam religion became unifying force BUT religious toleration encouraged & diverse population inhabited the city

HAGIA SOPHIA

CONQUERING CONSTANTINOPLE VIDEO

SELIM THE GRIM Overthrew father & murdered brothers Killed all nephews & own kids, but 1 son Crazy guy, but effective! Defeated Safavids of Persia & conquered Mecca, Medina, & Cairo (holy cities & intellectual cities) Happened at same time Cortez takes over Aztecs

SULEIMAN I 1520-1566 – Suleiman (“the lawgiver”) – built strong empire militarily, economically, & socially – GOLDEN AGE Gained more land in eastern Mediterranean, northern African ports, trade routes inside Africa, & central Europe Efficient government structure w/social organization (held for 600 years!)

SULEIMAN’S EMPIRE 20,000 personal slaves 30,000 JANISSARIES: force of people from conquered Christian territories DEVSHIRME: practice of capturing young boys, educating them, converting them to Islam, and training them as soldiers

SULEIMAN’S ACHIEVEMENTS Freedom of worship Binding the Ottoman Empire together Simplified taxation system Reduced government interference (bureacracy) “Renaissance Man” Art & Literature flourished

SULEIMAN VIDEO

SELIM II Suleiman killed best son & drove away another  3rd incompetent son, SELIM II inherited throne Ran corrupt government & it continued in family through generations Defeated militarily in 1571 by Spain & Italy

WHAT HAPPENED TO THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE? Became customary to kill off good sons & cut off rest from education  produced long line of weak rulers & ruined empire Empire crumbled slowly & finally dissolved with creation of Turkey after World War I