Unit 5: Learning Associative learning*: learning that two events are linked together. Both classical and operant conditioning are types of associative.

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Unit 5: Learning Associative learning*: learning that two events are linked together. Both classical and operant conditioning are types of associative learning.

Topic: Classical Conditioning Unit 5: Learning Topic: Classical Conditioning “Brian Wilson” by the Barenaked Ladies It’s a matter of instinct, a matter of conditioning, a matter of fact. You can call me Pavlov’s dog. Ring a bell and I’ll salivate, How’d you like that?”

Ivan PAVLOV discovered classical conditioning key name Ivan PAVLOV 1849-1936 discovered classical conditioning conducted the famous salivating dog experiment Nobel Prize in Physiology in 1904 for his research on digestion

Dog in Pavlov’s Apparatus (clip)

Pavlov’s Dog Experiment NS (neutral stimulus): tuning fork / bell UCS (unconditioned stimulus) sight of food UCR (unconditioned response) salivation CS (conditioned stimulus) tuning fork / bell CR (conditioned response) salivation

NS (neutral stimulus): Every time I go near the cabinet where Rover’s treats are kept, Rover comes and sits, waiting for a treat. NS (neutral stimulus): cabinet UCS (unconditioned stimulus) treats UCR (unconditioned response) come and sit CS (conditioned stimulus) cabinet CR (conditioned response) come and sit

NS (neutral stimulus): Bobby watched the movie JAWS when he was 4-years-old. Now, every time he hears the song, “da-duh, dah-duh, da-duh…) he gets anxious. NS (neutral stimulus): “da-duh” UCS (unconditioned stimulus) scary movie UCR (unconditioned response) fear / anxiety CS (conditioned stimulus) “da-duh” CR (conditioned response) fear / anxiety

Pavlov's Dog in the Office

Pavlov’s Dog – the Office NS (neutral stimulus): “computer sound” UCS (unconditioned stimulus) offer of mint UCR (unconditioned response) put hand out CS (conditioned stimulus) “computer sound” CR (conditioned response) put hand out

Lemonade Activity*

More Classical Conditioning Terminology extinction when a CR no longer follows a CS Remember the example of a person fearing the Jaws song? CS (conditioned stimulus) “da-duh” CR (conditioned response) fear / anxiety

More Classical Conditioning Terminology Reappearance of an extinguished response after a rest period spontaneous recovery CS (conditioned stimulus) “da-duh” CR (conditioned response) fear / anxiety Time Passes CS (conditioned stimulus) “da-duh” CR (conditioned response) fear / anxiety

More Classical Conditioning Terminology generalization similar stimuli elicit similar responses Remember Pavlov’s dog example? CS (conditioned stimulus) tuning fork Now the dog salivates whenever he hears bells, alarm clocks, or music. The dog has GENERALIZED. CR (conditioned response) salivation

More Classical Conditioning Terminology learned ability to distinguish between a CS and other similar stimuli discrimination Remember Pavlov’s dog example? CS (conditioned stimulus) tuning fork CR (conditioned response) salivation The dog only salivates when he hears that particular tuning fork; never when he hears bells, alarm clocks, or music. The dog has DISCRIMINATED.

More Classical Conditioning Terminology extinction when a CR no longer follows a CS Reappearance of an extinguished response after a rest period spontaneous recovery generalization similar stimuli elicit similar responses learned ability to distinguish between a CS and other similar stimuli discrimination

Can I Get A Volunteer to Be Conditioned?* Water in the Face Activity

“Water in the Face Demo” NS (neutral stimulus): The word “CAN” UCS (unconditioned stimulus) Spray UCR (unconditioned response) Wincing at spray CS (conditioned stimulus) The word “CAN” CR (conditioned response) Wincing at “CAN”

John WATSON founder of Behaviorism key name John WATSON 1878-1958 founder of Behaviorism conducted the famous & controversial “Little Albert” experiment

Little Albert Video Turn off sound!

Watson’s Baby Albert Experiment NS (neutral stimulus): furry things UCS (unconditioned stimulus) loud noise UCR (unconditioned response) startled CS (conditioned stimulus) furry things CR (conditioned response) startled

John GARCIA Discovered idea of Taste Aversion key name John GARCIA Born in 1917 Discovered idea of Taste Aversion Taste aversion later became known as the “Garcia Effect

Garcia’s Taste Aversion Studies Set up experiment with rats. Exposed them to sights, sounds, and tastes (CS) and later also gave them radiation or drugs that led to nausea and vomiting (UCR). Even if sickened hours later, rats avoided the particular flavor of water but did NOT develop aversions to the sights or sounds.

Importance of Taste Aversion Studies 1.) Violated behaviorists principle that any stimulus could serve as a CS. 2.) Shows that nature prepares the members of each species to learn those things crucial to their survival. 3.) Are exceptions to classical conditioning rules: UCS does not always have to follow CS immediately.