Commas and Introductory Elements Created by Kathryn Reilly

Defining an Introductory Element An introductory element can be a word, phrase or clause that sets the stage for the rest of the sentence. Introductory elements are followed by commas.

Introductory Words Introductory words work to connect one idea to the next within a text. Example: I would like to go running today. However, storm clouds are rolling in so I’ll wait.

Introductory Word Examples The following is only a partial list: Also, Alternatively, Furthermore, However, Particularly, Similarly, Thus, Therefore,

Introductory Phrases A phrase lacks a subject or verb An introductory phrase shares a subject or verb with a main clause. Introductory phrases may include appositive phrases, infinitive phrases, and participial phrases.

Introductory Phrase Examples Beautiful and confident, the girl applied to the beauty pageant. (appositive) To increase her chances of winning, Tiffany selected a designer gown. (infinitive) Speaking confidently, Tiffany answered the judge’s questions. (participial)

Introductory Clauses An introductory clause (a dependent clause with a subject and verb) provides important background information for the main clause. Examples: If Tiffany wanted to earn the crown, she would have to earn 60 points in the talent category. Because Tiffany only earned 48 points, she came in second place.

Introductory Clause Examples Introductory clauses begin with adverbs. Below is a partial list: Although Always Because In order to Never Since Though

Commas and Introductory Elements Review Commas should follow introductory Words Phrases Clauses Introductory elements can set the tone of a sentence. Introductory elements can indicate a relationship between sentences.