History of Ballet.

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Presentation transcript:

History of Ballet

Ballet Technique Includes… 5 positions of the feet Use of pointed feet Toe shoes for women Codified positions of arms and legs Lightness Movements emphasizing balance and elevation French terminology Basis for all styles of dance technique

History Originated during Italian Renaissance Taught royalty and choreographed entertainments for the courts “Ballet Masters” began to appear as court dances became more detailed and complicated Now known as choreographers Italian intermezzi (late 1400s)- interludes between acts of plays. Combined dance, music, and drama

Beginnings Medici Family funded the arts King Louis XIV fell in love with ballet Opened Royal Academy of Dance in 1661 Sun King- appearing in gold as Apollo in Le Ballet de la Nuit Only male dancers

History Pierre Beauchamps Jean Baptiste Lully Ballet Master Developed 5 basic foot positions Still basis for all classical ballet steps Jean Baptiste Lully Started Paris Opera Ballet Included women!

1500s and 1600s Dancing masters began recording choreography Catherine de Medici- commissioned many dance works Ballet Comique de la Reine- dance/drama with Greek Gods and Queen of France

Renaissance Dance Often ornate Geometrical patterns  viewed from above Steps taken from popular ballroom dances Women & men in ballroom; just men on stage Steps became complex, dance masters had students use back of chair= beginning of barre Dancing became stylish at all Renaissance courts in Europe Queen Elizabeth I and Henry VIII

Early 1700’s Marie Camargo and Marie Sallé broke tradition in male dominance Camargo- shortened skirt to show technique Aerial work Sallé- first female choreographer Simplified clothing to make dancing easier

Late 1700’s Jean-George Noverre Composed 150 ballets- acting over dance technique Ballet should be unified works of art All aspects of production contribute to main theme Bulky skirts and heeled shoes eliminated Many ideas carried into Romantic Era

The Golden Age of Romanticism Early-Mid 1800’s Movement involving all the arts Poet Lord Byron and composer Franz Liszt- romantic artists Les Sylphides and Giselle- romatic ballets

Romantic Era Tutu introduced Pointe became popular Women became dominant

Dancing En Pointe Toe dancing 1800’s- wore soft slippers without support, but still managed to dance en pointe Marie Taglioni- most famous pointe dancer of era Today, toe shoes made with reinforced toe boxes that are stiff

Classical Period of Ballet (late 1800s) France  Russia Marius Petipa- Frenchman, arrived in St. Petersburg 1847  Imperial Russian Ballet Many ballets with fairy-tale plots Panto-mime and special effects Symmetry and classical pas de deux (duet) Swan Lake- composed by Tchaikowsky The Nutcracker- by Lev Ivanov

Early 1900’s and Ballet Russes Michael Fokine- created new style of ballet Blended music, décor, and costumes to support a theme The Firebird- music by Stravinsky Ballet Russes- known for modern style using famous visual artists like Picasso and Chanel to design sets and costumes

American Ballet 1933- George Balanchine Russia to U.S. to start first serious ballet company Break from tradition- plotless ballets; focused more on music than décor Costumes- simple leotards and tights New York City Ballet- most famous in world Ballets performed internationally

Ballet at End of 20th Century 1960s-1980s- popular around world Flourished in terms of Social relevance Audience appreciation Dancers’ salaries

Ballet in 21st Century Classics remain: Giselle, Swan Lake, Nutcracker Experimental styles: Use of modern dance elements- use of pelvis and torso

Famous Ballets https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZY0c dXr_1MA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4d0B0 9jo6Uk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlUI Wzd2U_w