Where did you get that map? Getting the most from mapping in interpretation. Digital Mapping: The potential for using GIS technology James Crafts 8 th November 2006

ESRI (UK) Millennium House, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. -Cardiff-Edinburgh -Newbury-Cambridge -Ireland

Outline - Mapping: Considerations of Usage. - What is GIS? - Process of a GIS (from Capture to Output)

Mapping: Considerations of Usage Media Type Paper Plastic Flyer Magazine Audience General/Specific Tourist/Professional Local/Long Distance Volume Size Scale Cost Number Time Quick Result Time for production Rate of Review/change Data Availability Ownership Accuracy Currency Cost Digital output CD/DVD Mobiles Internet Download Data Type Digital Mapping Aerial Images GPS Tracks Survey Content and Context

What is GIS? Geographic Information System (GIS) Geography- Location element Information- Attribute element System- Manipulation element

Geography – Location 255 BLAEN CENNEN

Information - Attributes

System - Manipulation of Data GIS Terrain Analysis CAD Computer Science Photogrammetry and Surveying Remote Sensing Digital Mapping Earth Resource Sciences Civil Engineering Database GPS

“Traditional” GIS Desktop GIS

What is GIS for? GIS enhances use of Digital information through: Access Visualisation Distribution Interpretation

GIS Processes Query Analyse Store Display Capture Output Label/Annotate Enforce Rules Repeat

Data Types Raster: (complete coverage - pixels) Photographs Satellite Imagery Base Mapping Vector: (selective coverage – object related) Points Lines Polygons

Raster formats –Use square cells to model reality Vector formats –Discrete representations of reality X,Y Reality (A motorway) (Raster Image) X,Y Rows Columns Types of Geographic information

GIS Use GIS is used in many areas: Environmental/Land Management Local Government, Central Government, Utilities, Defence, Business, Public Safety In many Key Roles. Data Collection, Map Production, Decision Making, Risk Assessment, Business Flow, Asset Management, Tracking, Terrain Analysis, Prediction,

Process of a GIS Capture/Gather Data Clean/Maintain Analysis/Manipulation Presentation/Output

Capture/Gather Data

Onsite Survey, in-house business information, 3 rd Party Data sets, Imagery. Improvements in Technology: Hardware – Tablet PCs, PDAs Mobiles GPS Accuracy / Availability Access to information over the Internet

Capture/Gather Data Digital Data is Collected accurately and in the correct format for immediate use.

Clean / Maintain Data

Changes of Data location From File Based on a PC Departmental Storage Enterprise or Corporate Centralised storage systems

Clean/Maintain Data Benefits of Centralised System Reduced Storage Multi-user access Centralised update procedure (Occasional users do not need to manage data uploads and revisions from supplier) Greater Availability of Data Therefore: Only Cleaning / Maintaining the data you bring to the system or physically capture

Analysis / Manipulation

Digital Data Collected Accurately Made available in the correct format With Metadata (Origin, Detail, Reliability) Allow for quality analysis or Manipulation to be undertaken. e.g. Flood Risk analysis

Flood Risk along the River Severn

Analysis / Manipulation Map production: Clean and Accurate = fast and efficient Access to Base Mapping = removal of unnecessary data capture Increased availability of Vector Data = Choice in base mapping content Recent Developments in Manipulation - Map Books - Representations - Multiple Ring Buffers - Storage

Working With Representations Representations are an advanced way to symbolise GIS features cartographically according to rules Data courtesy of Gobierno de la Rioja

Working With Representations Feature classes can support multiple representations to display features differently on different maps without creating additional files The same data represented two different ways Both versions are stored in the data, not as independent map documents

Multiple Ring Buffers Using positive valuesUsing negative values

Shoreline Vignettes - Example Land-water interface Multiple ring buffers Also a good technique for symbolising boundaries etc…

Data Storage Cached Map Service Tiles pre-rendered at fixed scales Rapid display of static base maps Rich cartographic symbols with high performance

Analysis / Manipulation Manipulation is the key; - to creating a useful map output - that conveys all required information, - is legible and understandable by the user. Much of this can now be done on a repeatable basis within the GIS.

Presentation / Output

Paper Maps / Guides Mobile Devices

Presentation / Output Mobile Devices

Mobile Map access

Presentation / Output Paper Maps / Guides Mobile Devices Internet

Google Local

Google Earth

ESRI GIS Explorer

Presentation / Output Paper Maps / Guides Mobile Devices Internet Other uses- Potential for future output media.

Touch Table

3D Real Projection Terrain Data Projected with latex cover over aluminium rods - Courtesy of Xenotran

3D Printing

3D Structure Recreation Solid Terrain Modeling Inc.

3D Map Guides 3D Piste Maps

Presentation / Output Paper Maps / Guides Mobile Devices Internet Other uses- Potential for future output media. Digital Data enables updating and reproduction of output access to different technology ability to move/change with advancements

Thank you. James Crafts