Measuring Pressure SPH4C. Static Pressure Head For any point in a static fluid, the height of the column above that point is called the static pressure.

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Presentation transcript:

Measuring Pressure SPH4C

Static Pressure Head For any point in a static fluid, the height of the column above that point is called the static pressure head. A dam must be thicker or stronger at greater depths to withstand the increased pressure.

Static Pressure Head The formula for the pressure exerted is: Where D is the density of the fluid, h is the height, and g = 9.8 m/s 2.

Barometers In mercury barometers, it is the static pressure head that indicates the external air pressure. The higher the atmospheric pressure, the higher the static pressure head.

Barometers In mercury barometers, it is the static pressure head that indicates the external air pressure. The higher the atmospheric pressure, the higher the static pressure head. Question: Why do we use mercury in barometers instead of water?

Water Level Liquid in connected containers exposed to the same air pressure will be at the same height. The shape and orientation of the containers makes no difference to the height.

Siphons This is often phrased as “water seeks its own level,” and is why water will even flow uphill in a siphon if it can reach a lower point at the end of the siphon. Note that the siphon needs to be full of liquid to connect the two containers.

Manometers Manometers can be used to measure variations in pressure. When more pressure is applied to the left side of the tube, there will be a difference in the heights of the liquid.

Gauge pressure This variation in pressure from atmospheric pressure is called the gauge pressure: Tire pressure gauges measure gauge pressure: the pressure over and above atmospheric pressure.

Gauge pressure example Pressure is applied to one end of a water manometer so that the difference between the two heights is 10 cm. (a) What is the gauge pressure applied? (b) What is the absolute pressure applied?

Gauge pressure example (a) What is the gauge pressure applied?

Gauge pressure example (a) What is the gauge pressure applied?

Gauge pressure example (a) What is the gauge pressure applied?

Gauge pressure example (b) What is the absolute pressure applied?