Reconstruction “All citizens of a state cannot be equally powerful, but they can be equally free.” --Voltaire

Bellringer On your post-it, write a quick word, phrase, sentence that answers the following question: ‹‹What does it mean to be free?›› Post your sticky note on the Smart Board

Reconstruction Begins 13 th Amendment – Jan 31, 1865 ◦Frees slaves Reconstruction ◦Period of time after CW ◦Rebuild US, specifically South ◦Process to readmit Conf states to US

Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction Pardon Confederates 10% plan ◦10% of those that voted in 1860 must pledge allegiance to US for their state to be readmitted

Radical Republicans Thaddeus Stevens African Americans – citizenship and suffrage Wade Davis Bill ◦Would’ve given Congress control of Recon ◦Majority vote ◦Lincoln pocket vetoes

Lincoln Dies Shot April 14, 1865 Ford’s Theatre, Washington D.C. John Wilkes Booth

Johnson’s Plan for Recon State w/draw secession Swear allegiance to US Annul Conf war debts Ratify 13 th amendment

Freedmen’s Bureau Want to develop on J-Plan’s weaknesses Assist African Americans post-freedom ◦Clothes, food, housing ◦Set up schools, hospitals, teaching schools Help with finding AA jobs and signing labor contracts

Civil Rights Act of 1866 Predecessor to 14 th Amendment Johnson vetoes

Black Codes CAN marry CANNOT tesify against whites CANNOT serve on jury CANNOT vote Must work ◦Labor contracts ◦Arrested if unemployed; sent to plantations Regulates AA activities – Resembles Slavery

Jim Crow Black codes control AA activities Jim Crow works to create segregation and white supremacy Lasts into mid-20 th century

Political Changes 14 th amendment ◦People born/naturalized are citizens ◦Due Process of law Congressional Election of 1866 ◦Johnson tours to support Presidential Recon ◦He angers voters ◦Rep. will win 2/3 of Congress [Johnson is a Dem]

Congressional Reconstruction Confederate States divided into 5 military districts Voters elect delegates to draft new state constitutions African American must vote Ratify 14 th Amendment

Johnson’s Impeachment Rep want him out Tenure of Office Act – way to get him out ◦Cannot fire Cabinet members w/o Senate approval Johnson impeached Not guilty by ONE vote

Election of 1868 Grant runs for President – [R] African Americans vote ◦15 th Amendment  Cannot be denied right to vote because of race/color of skin or previous servitude Grant wins