The Protestant Reformation Chapter 1 Section 3 Objectives: 1.Summarize the factors that encouraged the Protestant Reformation 2.Analyze Martin Luther’s role in shaping the Protestant Reformation 3.Explain the teachings and impact of John Calvin

I. The Protestant Reformation European Uncertainty – Printing Press Humanist ideals were easily spread – Classical Education – Emphasis on social reform Church Abuses – Caught up in worldly affairs – Renaissance Popes Between 1450 and 1520 – Pope Nicholas V – Pope Pius II – Pope Sixtus IV – Pope Julius II – Pope Alexander VI – Pope Leo X Led lavish lifestyles Supported the arts Increased fees – Indulgences » Lessening the time spent in Purgatory » People would by them

Martin Luther – German Monk – Disliked the corruption of the church – The 95 Thesis 95 criticism of the church corruption Nailed to the doors of a church in Wittenberg Copies flew around Europe – Charles V Holey Roman Emperor Issues the Edict of Worms – Making Luther an outlaw – Illegal to support him » The people completely supported him

Luther’s Teachings – Pushed literacy – Banned indulgences – Simplified rituals – Permitted marriage by priests Luther’s Ideas Spread – Followers are called Protestants A number of followers will be German princes

Peasant’s Revolt – Many took up Luther’s cause – They demanded social change – Luther believed in social order – As the revolt becomes violent, Luther denounces it The Peace of Augsburg – Issued by Charles V Realized that fighting Lutheranism was a losing battle Each prince can decide which religion was allowed – Catholics remained in the Southern part of the HRE – Protestants to the North

Swiss Reform – Ulrich Zwingli Introduced religious reform to the Swiss War breaks out in Switzerland in 1531 – Zwingli is found by his enemies, cut up and burned – John Calvin Published Institutes of the Christian Religion – Book on protestant thought – Predestination » God already determined salvation » Saints and Sinners All tried to live like saints » Only the saved could live truly Christian lives – He sets up a Theocracy » Government run by church leaders » Calvinists believed that: They were chosen by God Hard work Discipline Honesty Morality