February 20, 2014 Quest day! You will have 7 minutes to review your study guide/notes. Quiz a friend!

After the Quest… Please read “Kingdoms and Christianity” and answer the questions.

Rus Posters Please hang up your posters around the room and in the hallway. We will do a gallery walk. For each of the figures, be sure to record the who, what, when/where, and significance in your notes.

February 24, On your web-enabled device, go to m.socrative.com 2.Enter room Answer the questions! (You may use your homework from last night to help you). ** If you do not have a smart phone, please take a quarter-sheet from the front of the room.

Early Middle Ages

I. Decline of Europe a.After Rome fell, Europe declined politically, socially, and economically b.Small kingdoms competed for control of land once belonging to Rome

II. The Carolingians a.Family most influential in the expansion of the Franks i. By the 800s, Franks had ruled most of Europe b.Charles Martel i.Political adviser and war leader for Frankish king ii.Nicknamed “Martel,” meaning hammer, because of his battle skills

c. Pippin II i. Charles Martel’s son ii. Won many battles and captured more land for Franks iii. King from 751 to 768

d. Charlemagne i. Born Charles, Charlemagne means “Charles the Great” ii. Pippin’s son, became king in 768 iii. Annual battles against foes 1. When he won, he incorporated their land into his sphere of influence and formed alliances with local rulers

iv. Helped Pope Leo III when the Papal states were attacked by the Lombards 1. Papal states – region in central Italy under Pope’s control 2. Charlemagne and the Franks defeated the Lombards 3. Charlemagne becomes king of the Lombards

v. Leo III ran out of Rome, Charlemagne escorts him back to Rome and restored to power 1. Charlemagned named Emperor of the Roman People a. Implied Charlemange had restored the glory of the Roman Empire b. Suggsets that Charlemagne’s rule had full backing of the church and of God

vi. Charlemagne establishes capital at Aachen (present-day Germany) 1. Built palace and cathedral to reflect greatness 2. Used counts to rule parts of the empire in his name a. Bound by oath to obey Charlemagne b. Given large tracts of land and considerable authority c. Used inspectors to spy on counts

III. Charlemagne’s New Society a.Education i.Ordered churches and monasteries to start schools 1.Studied religion, music, grammar, and other subjects ii.Invited noble scholars from throughout Europe to Aachen 1.Spent part of their time teaching, the remaining time was spent copying ancient texts

b. Religion i. Charlemagne worked closely with the church to create a unified Christian empire 1. Ordered conquered people to convert to Christianity, or die c. Law i. Recorded tribal laws ii. Issued new laws that enforced Christian teachings

IV. Decline of Charlemagne’s Empire a.Charlemagne died in 814 i.Bureaucracy was not strong enough to maintain vast empire ii.Charlemagne’s grandsons fought for the throne iii.Divided empire into 3 parts

b. Invaders i. Vikings 1. Came from Northern Europe, lived in Scandinavia 2. Superb ship builders, sailors, and skilled at navigation a. Planning the course across the sea

3. Food shortages were common, prompting Viking Raids a. Killed or captured anyone they could, stole everything they could find b. Favorite target: monasteries 4. Some settled in Iceland as early as late 700s 5. Leif Ericksson reached North America in late 1000sLeif Ericksson 6. Bribed by Frenchman to stop raiding; given Normandy

ii. Magyars 1. Nomadic; from central Asia 2. Fierce warriors, travelled on horseback 3. Attacked small settlements

iii. Muslims 1. Lived peacefully in Spain with Jews and Christians 2. Small, fast raids 3. Blocked Byzantine trade in the Mediterranean

February 25, On your web-enabled device, go to m.socrative.com 2.Enter room Answer the questions! (You may use your homework from last night to help you). ** If you do not have a smart phone, please take a quarter-sheet from the front of the room.

The Feudal and Manorial Systems

1. Feudal System a.Development i.Nobles needed a way to protect their land ii.Built castles b.System i.Nobles need trained soldiers

ii. Knights 1.Highly skilled soldiers who fought on horseback 2.Best defenders a noble could have

3. Demanded payment for services a.Most were paid with land b.Land given to a knight was called a fief i.Anyone who accepted a fief was called a vassal ii.The person who gave the land was his lord

iii. This system of exchanging land for service is called the feudal system or feudalism

c. Obligations i.Knight’s Duties 1.Provide military service to his lord 2.Oath of Fealty (loyalty) a.Promise to remain loyal to the lord 3.Financial Obligations a.Had to pay ransom if his lord was ever captured b.Gave money to his lord on special occasions

“ Hear you my Lord [name] that I, [name] shall be to you both faithful and true, and shall owe by Fidelity unto you, for the Land that I hold of you, and lawfully shall do such Customs and Services, as my Duty is to you, at the times assigned. So help me God and all Saints.” - From The Manner of Doing Homage and Fealty

ii. Lord’s Duties 1.Treat knights fairly 2.Protect a knight who was attacked by enemies 3.Act as judge in dispute between two knights

d. Complicated System i.Problems 1.A person could be both a lord and a vassal at the same time 2.One knight could serve many lords 3.Rules guiding feudal obligations were specific to a time and place

2. The Manorial System a.Lords, Peasants, Serfs i.Manorial system was built around large estates called manors ii.Manors 1.Usually owned by wealthy lords or knights 2.Peasants farmed the manor’s fields a.Most peasants were serfs- people who were legally tied to the manor on which they worked

b. Serfs were not slaves c. Serfs had to have the lord’s permission to leave the manor or marry d. Serfdom was also hereditary

b. A typical Manor i.Development of the three field crop rotation 1.One field was planted in the spring for fall harvest 2.One field was planted in the winter for spring harvest 3.One remained unplanted for a year

ii. Also included manor house, village for peasants and serfs, church, mill, and blacksmith 1. Goal for manors was to be self-sufficient

Castles vs. Villages Read page 386 Create a t-chart comparing life in a castle to life in a village

Life in a CastleLife in a Village

Visual Graphic Organizer Cut out the descriptions and glue it onto the appropriate column (Feudalism or Manorialism)

How Do They Fit? Arrange your 9 tiles into a 3x3 square so that the word touches the appropriate definition When you’re finished, I will check it. THEN… glue it down and decorate!

Posters Choose one component of the Middle Ages that we have discussed so far With your group, create a poster describing that topic Be accurate, neat, and easy to read