 What are the Earth’s 4 spheres  Give an example of each  You are constantly consuming calories through the food you eat. Where does the weight go? How is weight/ energy actually lost from you body?

 Nitrogen gas makes up 78% of the atmosphere, but organisms cannot use the atmospheric form of Nitrogen.  Nitrogen must be fixed (by bacteria or some plants)  Nitrogen moves:

 In the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen moves from air to soil, from soil to plants and animals and back to the air.

Air Bacteria in Soil PlantsAnimals Bacteria in Soil

 Carbon moves through all 4 spheres called the Carbon Cycle  Plants convert Carbon Dioxide into carbohydrates  Organisms eat the plants, and obtain carbon from the carbohydrates and release carbon into the air as carbon dioxide, wastes and decay  Carbon is stored in the geosphere in buried plant or animal remains and rock called carbonate

 Phosphorous is rarely a gas  Phosphorous enters the soil and water when rock breaks down and when phosphorus dissolves in water  Some organisms excrete excess phosphorus in their waste, and this phosphorus may enter soil and water.  Plants absorb this phosphorus through their roots.  Animals absorb phosphorus when they eat plants.  When animals die, the phosphorus returns to the environment through decomposition

 Phosphorous moves through every sphere except the atmosphere because phosphorous is rarely a gas.  Phosphorus enters the soil and water when rock breaks down and when phosphorus dissolves in water.  Plants absorb phosphorus from soil and water.  Animals eat the plants.

 The movement of water from the atmosphere to Earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere is always taking place.  Water changes from liquid water to water vapor through the energy transfers involved in evaporation and transpiration.  Transpiration is the release of moisture from plant leaves.

 Continuous movement of water is called the water cycle  Transpiration- release of moisture from plant leaves. Condensation Precipitation Evaporation

What is a reservoir? What percentage of the atmosphere is nitrogen? How to animals absorb Nitrogen? Place where matter or energy is stored 78% Eating plants.

 What must happen to nitrogen before organisms can use it? Fixation Describe the carbon cycle. What is type of rock stores carbon? Describe the phosphorus cycle. Carbonate

 What are the steps in the water cycle? Evaporation, condensation, precipitation What is it called when plants release moisture from plant leaves? transpiration

 Select one of the cycles we learned about today and draw a diagram.  Include all reservoirs (30 points)  Draw arrows indicating the direction of energy flow (10 points)  Color (30 points)  Description of what is happening at each step (40 points)