Major Endocrine Organs Chapter 8: The Endocrine System Lesson 8.2 Major Endocrine Organs

Major Endocrine Organs

The Hypothalamus helps regulate metabolism heart rate energy level body temperature thirst

Pituitary Gland Has two lobes Anterior Posterior Hormones secreted by the pituitary gland function in 2 ways They can act directly on target tissue to cause a specific response OR The can stimulate other endocrine glands to release their own hormones (Tropic Hormones)

Anterior Pituitary secretes 6 different hormones: 4 of those are tropic hormones

Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary prolactin (PRO) growth of mammary glands milk production in a nursing mother growth hormone (GH) growth of bone and muscles Gluconeogensis = process where GH stimulates fats & proteins to be converted into glucose by the liver

Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) release of steroid hormones from adrenal cortex thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) release of T4 and T3 from thyroid gland Tropic Hormones Thyroxine Triiodothyronine

Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in females estrogen production egg production in males sperm production luteinizing hormone (LH) ovulation testosterone Tropic Hormones

Posterior Pituitary An extension of the hypothalamus Does not produce it’s own hormones Stores ADH and Oxytocin (produced by the Hypothalamus)

Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary antidiuretic hormone acts on kidney, decreases urine output oxytocin acts on uterus, causes contractions acts on breast, causes secretion of milk Tropic Hormones

Major Endocrine Glands thyroid gland thyroxine T4 and triiodothyronine T3 controls rate of metabolism calcitonin removes calcium from blood, puts into bones parathyroid gland parathyroid hormone (PTH) removes calcium from bones, puts into blood

Major Endocrine Glands thymus gland thymosin development of immune system (T-cells) pineal gland melatonin produces sleepiness

Adrenal Glands adrenal medulla (part of the nervous system) epinephrine and norepinephrine adrenaline rush adrenal cortex (outer layer) mineralocorticoids aldosterone sodium and water reabsorbed in kidneys glucocorticoids cortisone and cortisol promote gluconeogenesis sex hormones estrogen and androgens maintains sexual characteristics

Adrenal Cortex

islets of Langerhans Pancreas alpha cells beta cells glucagon increase blood glucose level beta cells insulin decrease blood glucose level Normal range 70-105 m/dL

Gonads ovaries testes estrogen testosterone secondary sexual characteristics progesterone menstrual cycle testes testosterone sperm production Encased by the scrotum (located outside the body)

Review and Assessment Fill in the blanks with: ADH, thyroxine, thymosin, or adrenal cortex. 1. The thymus gland produces _______________. 2. The posterior pituitary gland produces oxytocin and _______________. 3. Mineralocorticoids are produced by the _______________. 4. T4 is also called _______________. thymosin stores ADH Adrenal cortex thyroxine