Annelids

Phylum Annelida Class Aelosomata Class Polychaeta Class Clitellata Marine worms Subclass Errantia Subclass Sedentaria Subclass Oligochaeta Subclass Hirudinae earthworms Leeches

Annelids Class Polychaeta marine worms segmented Class Clitellata Subclass Oligochaeta earthworms Subclass Hirudinea Leeches

Characteristics Segmentation (metameric body plan) Eucoelomate 15,000 species Closed circulatory system, but no heart Hydrostatic skeleton Excretion- protonephridia, metanephridia, diffusion or gills Simple gut Respiration- diffusion or gills Central nervous system- brain and nerve cord Reproduction- asexual or sexual (many gonochoric) Sensory system of tactile organs, taste buds, statocysts, photoreceptor cells, and eyes with lenses.

Subclass Oligochaeta Lack parapodia and have few setae Lack the distinctive head region of polychaetes and have no eyes. Scavengers that consume soil that contains organic matter The ingested soil moves into a storage chamber called the crop, then to an area called the gizzard, where grinding action breaks down the soil particles. Undigested material passes out the anus in a form called castings, which are prized as soil fertilizer.

Each segment is also known as a metamere Metamerism (segmentation) Each segment is also known as a metamere Each metamere has a parapodia with numerous setae parapod chaetae

Body Cavities Eucoelomate- body cavity completely lined with mesoderm gut Eucoelomate- body cavity completely lined with mesoderm Ectoderm Endoderm

Earthworm Phylum Annelida Hydrostatic Skeleton Earthworm Phylum Annelida

Closed Versus Open Circulatory Systems

Closed Circulatory System

Nervous System and Behavior A mass of ganglia (neural masses) forms an anterior brain that is usually dorsal to the pharynx. They have either a pair of ventral nerve cords (primitive) or a single ventral nerve cord that runs the length of the body. Each segment has a swelling of the nerve cord called a segmental ganglion. Sensory receptors include: chemoreceptors, touch receptors, photoreceptors, statocysts and vibration receptors. Behaviors vary depending on class/life style.

Oligochaete Nervous System

Digestive System Esophagus Gizzard Pharynx Crop Intestine Mouth Buccal cavity Intestine Mouth

Reproductive System Seminal vesicle Sperm duct Seminal receptacle Ovary Testes Egg funnel and oviduct Seminal receptacle Sperm duct

Oligochaete Reproduction

Oligochaete Excretory System

Subclass Hirudinea Leeches Most live in fresh bodies of water, but some live among moist vegetation. Suckers found on both ends Unlike other annelids, its segments are not separated internally Leeches lack both setae and parapodia Most are predators or scavengers. Very few are parasites. They secrete anticoagulants, hirudin, to keep blood from clotting and anesthetic that prevents the host from feeling their presence.

Subclass Hirudinea

Hirudo medicinalis

Class Polychaeta Largest group of annelids Primarily marine Most segments include a pair of paddle–like parapodia Well-developed head with eyes and other sensory structures

Class Polychaeta Subclass Sedentaria Fan worms, Christmas-tree worms Spaghetti worms Chaetopterus lugworms Subclass Errantia Sand worms, Scale worms Fire worms palolo worms

featherduster worms Subclass Sedentaria

Lugworm Subclass Sedentaria

Chaeopteris Subclass Sedentaria

Spaghetti worm Lanice conchilega Subclass Sedentaria Ancient Hawaiians called spaghetti worms kauna'oa or kio and used them as medicine (for what ailment is not clear). Patients either drank an infusion of cooked tentacles daily for several weeks or sucked the body fluid from a live worm through a bamboo tube Lanice conchilega Hawaii has 11 species 5 are endemic Subclass Sedentaria

Christmas tree worms Spirobranchus giganteus Subclass Sedentaria

Scale worm Subclass Errantia

Fire worm Eurythoe complanata Subclass Errantia

The pharynx is everted by contraction of body wall muscles.

Parapodia- movement and respiration

Polychaete Trochophore Larvae

Polychaete Larvae (setiger)