Aviation History

Early Intentions Humans fascinated with Birds Never understood Lift / Weight 1500s – Da Vinci sketches wings Sketches were flawed - birdlike © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Propulsion Robert Hooke, 1655: Human body does not have enough strength Montgolfier Brothers, 1783: Hot air Balloons Balloons captivated, but impractical No control over speed and direction © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Interconnected Systems Sir George Cayley Invented the Kite Invention of Wings Built the very first glider © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Aviation History Timeline © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. 1500s Leonardo Da Vinci Sketches of Birdlike Wings 1655 Robert Hooke Artificial Propulsion 1783 Montgolfier Brothers First Hot Air Balloon 1799 Sir George Cayley The Kite Wings and Propulsion

Socrative Short Answer 1 Who proposed that propulsion would be needed for flight in the air to be possible? © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Powered Flight The Wright Brothers & Charlie Taylor Wind Tunnels Aluminum Water-Cooled Engines From 8 to 12 Horsepower Kitty Hawk, NC 98 seconds on December 17, 1903 © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Free For All Aviation became playground for wealthy Thomas Benoist (The Benoist Aircraft Company) First Scheduled Airline Flight: Jan 1, 1914 St. Petersburg to Tampa (21 miles) $400 Fare Airboats Benoist Airline disappeared after tourist season © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Benoist Airboat © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

World War I Revolutionized aviation Early War - Planes used for reconnaissance Late War – Bombers & Fighters Airmail Trained War Pilots in XC flying © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Post Great War Transcontinental Air Routes SFO to NYC 13 Stops in a DH-4. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Aviation History Timeline © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved First Powered Flight Wright Brothers 1914 Thomas Benoist First Airline 1917 World War 1 Reconnaissance to Bombers/Fighters 1918 Agreement to Train Pilots Postal Service Airmail

Socrative Short Answer 2 Who was the Wright Brother’s Mechanic? © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Air Commerce Act of 1926 Placed aviation under the Secretary of Commerce Enforcement Began Issuing of Certificates Aircraft Certification Cross Country Lights © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Aeronautics Branch – April 6, 1927 Orville Declined the honor to be first certified 3 months after institution, mechanic’s license Renamed the Bureau of Air Commerce in 1934 Beginnings of ATC © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 Transferred responsibilities to the Civil Aeronautics Authority Split into two: Civil Aeronautics Board and Civil Aeronautics Authority CAA: Air Traffic Control CAB: Rulemaking © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Federal Aviation Act of 1958 Federal Aviation Administration Department of Transportation, 1966 CAB became the National Transportation Safety Board © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Air Traffic Control Overhauled in 1978 Deregulation of Airlines National Airspace System, 1982 Separation of Terminal and Enroute Radar Facilities © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Regulation vs. Deregulation Prior to 1978, FAA regulated: Fares Routes Schedules Deregulation allowed Free Competition © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Socrative Short Answer 3 The governing of Aviation originally fell under which department of the United States? © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

The Flying Experience

Governing Authorities The Federal Aviation Administration Code of Federal Regulations, Title 14 (14 CFR) Helpful to become familiar with certain parts 1 – Definitions 43 – Certification of Aircraft 61 – Certification of Airmen 91 – General Operating Rules © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Where is the FAA? General Offices in Oklahoma City and Atlantic City Maintains 130 Field Offices or FSDOs (Flight Standards District Offices) All FSDOs staffed by a team of Aviation Safety Inspectors © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Certification of Aircraft Category Broad Classification of Aircraft (Airplane, Rotorcraft, Lighter-Than-Air) Class Classification of aircraft with similar characteristics (Single-Engine Land, Multi-Engine Land, Single- Engine Sea, Multi-Engine Sea) Type The specific model within a Class Boeing 747, Airbus 320, Citation, Learjet © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Certification of Airmen © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Student 16 years old License to Solo Not a license to learn Sport 20 hours 17 years old: Test English language Drivers license serves as medical Recreational 30 hours 17 years old: Test No ATC Can’t fly > 50 NM Private 40 hours 17 years old: Test Passengers Business & Pleasure flying

Certification of Airmen (cont.) © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Instrument Rating (not a cert) 50 hours of XC 40 hours Inst. Allows the pilot to fly in clouds Commercial 250 hours Complex Airplane Compensation **Not to be confused as an Operator** CFI 3 types: Single Engine Instrument Multi Engine Instruction No specific time requirement ATP 1500 hours 23 years old: Test Good moral character Airlines and specific charters

Type Ratings – 1.1 Required when: >12,500 lbs. Turbojet Special Operating Characteristics © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Socrative Multiple Choice 1 Which one of the following is a not a Category of Aircraft (more than one)? Airplane Single-Engine Land Rotorcraft Powered-Lift Multi-Engine Sea © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Other Endorsements – Complex High Performance Tailwheel High Altitude © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Flight School Approaches © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Part 61 School Flexibility Tailored to Student Disadvantage is the CFI Part 141 School Structured Approach (TCO) Lower Minimums Less Flexibility

The CFI and Student Relationship Confidence Diagnose Learning Difficulties Evaluate Student Progress Continuous Review of Learning If clashing? Talk to Coast Admin Team: Priority Placement © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

The CFI and Student Relationship Confidence Diagnose Learning Difficulties Evaluate Student Progress Continuous Review of Learning If clashing? Talk to Coast Admin Team: Priority Placement © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Student Pilot Certificate – Allowed to fly solo under certain circumstances Issued with Medical Certificate by Aviation Medical Examiner (AME) or a Designated Pilot Examiner (DPE) Must be 16 years old © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

The Medical Certificate – Required for different types of operations Only required for the Pilot in Command (PIC) Different classes: First Class: Airline Transport Pilots Second Class: Commercial Pilots Third Class: Everyone Else © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

The Medical Certificate – Under 40 © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Issue Date 12 months FIRST CLASS or SECOND CLASS THIRD CLASS 60 months All months are calendar months

The Medical Certificate – Over 40 © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Issue Date 6 months FIRST CLASSSECOND CLASS THIRD CLASS 12 months 24 months All months are calendar months

Socrative Short Answer 4 A high performance airplane is what? © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Socrative Short Answer 5 A complex airplane is what? © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Solo Requirements Complete Training under 61.87(b), (c) and (d) Pass an Instructor Administered Test Limited to Stay Within 25 NM Endorsement from Authorized Instructor Initial Solo Endorsement (Logbook) 90 day Solo (Logbook) Student Pilot Solo Endorsement (Student Pilot Certificate) © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Private Pilot Requirements – In a Nutshell Complete a Written Test Complete a Practical Test (checkride) consisting of: Oral Evaluation Flight Evaluation © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Private Pilot Hour Requirements – total hours 20 hours Dual Received 10 hours Solo 5 hours solo XC 150 NM XC (3 different airports) 3 hours cross country training On 100 NM XC 3 hours night 3 hours instrument 10 landings at night 3 landings at a controlled airport © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Private Pilot Hour Requirements – 141 App. B 35 total hours 20 hours Dual Received Solo: 150 NM XC (3 different airports) 3 hours cross country training 3 hours night One 100 NM XC 10 landings 3 hours instrument 3 landings at a controlled airport © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Private Pilot Progression © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Complete Stage 1 (Pre-Solo Training) Stage 1 CheckSolo Complete Stage 2 (Cross Country Training) Stage 2 Check Solo Cross Country Take PPL Knowledge Test Complete Stage 3 (Checkride Prep) Complete Checkride

Careers in Aviation The Progression of a Pilot

Flight Instructor Graduate from program with ~280 hours Need to accrue to 1500 hours Assume 2 Years Average Pay: $17 – 38 / hour Only paid while with a student Translates into $17,000 to $38,000 per year © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Regional Airline First Officer Earn ATP Certificate Upgrade times (1 - 5 years) Line vs. Reserve Bidding and Proffering Systems Commuting Contracts Current Signing Bonuses Average Pay: $35 per hour © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Compass Airlines $10,000 Sign-On Bonus One-Year Upgrade ATP-CTP Paid Embraer 175 All Pilots PIC Typed LAX, SEA, MSP © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Hourly Pay Year 1$25 Year 2$37 Year 3 (Upgrade)$71 Year 4$75

Skywest Airlines $7,500 Sign-On Bonus Three-Year Upgrade ATP-CTP Paid CRJ 700/900 COS, DEN, FAT, IAH, LAX, MSP, ORD, PDX, PHX, PSP, SEA, SFO, SLC, TUS © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Hourly Pay Year 1$30 Year 2$40 Year 3$43 Year 4 (Upgrade)$73 Year 5$75

Envoy Air $10,000 Sign-On Bonus Pipeline Program for Instructors Five-Year Upgrade ATP-CTP Paid ERJ-145 / 175 Commuting Contract ORD, DFW © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Hourly Pay Year 1$26 Year 2$34 Year 3$37 Year 4$39 Year 5 (Upgrade)$75 Year 6$78

Endeavor Air $20,000 Retention Bonus per year Four-Year Upgrade ATP-CTP Paid CRJ 700 / 900 Commuting Contract MSP, DTW, JFK, LGA © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Hourly Pay Year 1$26 Year 2$34 Year 3$37 Year 4$39 Year 5 (Upgrade)$75 Year 6$78

Trans States Airlines No Bonus Captain Qualified First Officer Pay Three-Year Upgrade ATP-CTP Paid ERJ 145 IAD, STL, ORD, DEN © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Hourly Pay Year 1$35 Year 2$49 Year 3 (Upgrade)$67 Year 4$69

Delta Airlines LAX, MSP, NYC, SEA, SLC, ATL, DTW, CVG © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Hourly Pay Year 1$70 Year 2$104 Year 3$121 Year 4$124 Year 5$127 Year 6 (Upgrade)$200 Year 7$201 Year 8$203 Year 9$205 Year 10$206

American Airlines BOS, DCA, DFW, LAX, LGA, MIA, ORD, STL, PHX, PHL, CLT © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Hourly Pay Year 1$75 Year 2$112 Year 3$132 Year 4$135 Year 5$138 Year 6 (Upgrade)$217 Year 7$219 Year 8$221 Year 9$222 Year 10$224

United Airlines IAH, LAX, ORD, DEN, SFO, EWR, IAD, GUM, CLE © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Hourly Pay Year 1$68 Year 2$101 Year 3$117 Year 4$119 Year 5$123 Year 6 (Upgrade)$193 Year 7$195 Year 8$196 Year 9$198 Year 10$199

Jet Blue BOS, FLL, JFK, LGB, MCO © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Hourly Pay Year 1$49 Year 2$84 Year 3$99 Year 4$108 Year 5$112 Year 6 (Upgrade)$181 Year 7$183 Year 8$186 Year 9$188 Year 10$190

Virgin America JFK, LAX, SFO © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Hourly Pay Year 1$52 Year 2$85 Year 3$98 Year 4$104 Year 5$109 Year 6 (Upgrade)$175 Year 7$178 Year 8$180 Year 9$182 Year 10$185

Homework Event 1.1 Read Jeppesen Chapter 2 © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

References Jeppesen Private Pilot Flight Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Coast Flight Training Course Outline Airline Pilot Central Various Airline Websites and Recruiters © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.