200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 Encoding StorageRetrievalForgetting Research and People.

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Presentation transcript:

Encoding StorageRetrievalForgetting Research and People

The process of “getting information in.”

Encoding

Effortless, without awareness, without interfering, cannot switch on and off at will

Automatic Encoding

The linking of new information in short-term memory to familiar material stored in long-term memory

Elaborative Rehearsal

Grouping information into meaningful units for easier handling by short-term memory.

Chunking

The most effective encoding method for long-term retention.

Semantic

The coding capacity of the short term register.

7 + or – 2 chunks of information OR what you can SAY in 2 seconds or less.

Memories for things we do not discuss. Includes basic associations, procedures, conditioned responses.

Implicit Memory OR Non-declarative Memory

Memories typically stored in the left hippocampus. Involve facts, language, and general knowledge.

Semantic Memories

Briefly, continuously, and rapidly stimulating a neural network to increase the firing potential and, thus, forma memory.

Long-Term Potentiation OR LTP

Three areas of the brain responsible for memory formation and storage.

Any three: Cerebellum, Hippocampus, Temporal Lobes, Association Areas

The feeling “I’ve done this before” due to contextual priming of neural networks from previously formed memory.

Deja Vu

The MC questions on your test Friday are a form of this kind of retrieval.

Recognition

The Free Response question on your test Friday is a form of this type of retrieval.

Recall

This game is a form of this type of retrieval.

Relearning

Asking leading questions, especially of young people, causes people to incorporate false information into the retelling of an event.

Misinformation Effect *

The PAST interferes with recall of NEW information.

Proactive Interference

Jenny’s new, school locker combination is interfering with the recall of her old, gym locker combo.

Retroactive Interference

Impaired semantic memory due to plaques and tangles in the hippocampus, temporal lobe, and left hemisphere.

Alzheimer’s

Bob fell from a ladder. When he came to, he couldn’t remember anything he was doing before he fell, wondering why he was on the ladder to begin with.

Retrograde Amnesia

The part of your short-term memory system that plays back the sounds you hear so that you can process the content.

Phonological Loop

Famous researcher on misinformation and repression. Often works with her husband.

Loftus

Memory strategist who can memorize thousands of numbers in succession and gives great advice about studying.

Rajan Mahadovan

Developed the theory for the three systems of memory: Semantic, Episodic, Procedural

Oliver Sacks

Researched the “forgetting curve” by memorizing lists of nonsense syllables.

Hermann Ebbinghaus

He cut out the pieces of the rats brains after teaching them to run a maze. Interestingly, they didn’t completely “forget” everything about the maze. Thus, showing us that memories involve more areas than just the hippocampus.

Karl Lashley