Types of Long-Term Memory 09/11/2015 Types of Long-Term Memory “Types of long-term memory: episodic, semantic, procedural”

Types of Long-Term Memory 09/11/2015 Types of Long-Term Memory AO1 Recall the three types of long-term memory as described by Tulving (1985). AO2 Apply knowledge of the types of LTM to understand the case of Clive Wearing AO3 Evaluate episodic, semantic and procedural types of memories by using scientific evidence The exams will measure how students have achieved the following assessment objectives. AO1: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, processes, techniques and procedures. AO2: Apply knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, processes, techniques and procedures: • in a theoretical context • in a practical context • when handling qualitative data • when handling quantitative data. AO3: Analyse, interpret and evaluate scientific information, ideas and evidence, including in relation to issues, to: • make judgements and reach conclusions • develop and refine practical design and procedures.

Categorise these Long-term memories 09/11/2015 Categorise these Long-term memories Reading Learning people’s names How to write a PEEL paragraph Your first day of school Writing Learning to swim How to make scrambled eggs Categorise Definition of ‘normative social influence’ Concept of ‘love’ Riding a bike

Episodic Memory Create your own definition of ‘episodic memory’ using the following words: Events Experienced Conscious thought Declarative Time-stamped Give example

Episodic Memory Episodic memory is a part of the long-term memory responsible for storing information about events (i.e. episodes) that we have experienced in our lives.  It involves conscious thought because you have to make a conscious effort to remember it and is declarative.  These memories are ‘time-stamped’ and you remember when they happened. An example would be a memory of our 1st day at school.

Semantic Memory Create your own definition of ‘semantic memory’ using the following words: Information World Meaning Knowledge Conscious thought Example

Semantic Memory Semantic memory is a part of the long-term memory responsible for storing information about the world.  This includes knowledge about the meaning of words, as well as general knowledge. For example, London is the capital of England. It involves conscious thought and is mostly declarative.

Procedural Memory Create your own definition of ‘procedural memory’ using the following words: How to do things, i.e. memory of motor skills. Unconscious Automatic Not declarative Give example

Procedural Memory Procedural memory is a part of the long-term memory is responsible for knowing how to do things, i.e. memory of motor skills. It does not involve conscious (i.e. it’s unconscious - automatic) thought and is not declarative. For example, procedural memory would involve knowledge of how to ride a bicycle.

Compare and contrast Explain one difference between semantic memory and procedural memory (2 marks)

What are the types of long term memory? Episodic Memory Semantic Memory Procedural Memory

Give an example of an episodic memory Any memory that relates to events in your life

Explain what is meant by episodic memory. Episodic memory is a part of the long-term memory responsible for storing information about events (i.e. episodes) that we have experienced in our lives.  It involves conscious thought because you have to make a conscious effort to remember it and is declarative.  These memories are ‘time-stamped’ and you remember when they happened. Example

Explain what is meant by semantic memory. Semantic memory is a part of the long-term memory responsible for storing information about the world.  This includes knowledge about the meaning of words, as well as general knowledge. It involves conscious thought and is mostly declarative. Example

Give an example of procedural memory Any memory that is related to actions, skills or how we do things.

09/11/2015 Clive Wearing Ext: Which type of long-term memory do you think Clive Wearing has lost?

How do the following provide evidence different types of long term memory:

How do the following provide evidence different types of long term memory:

How do the following provide evidence different types of long term memory:

Neuroimaging evidence How do the following provide evidence different types of long term memory: Clinical evidence Real life application Neuroimaging evidence

09/11/2015 Real life application (Point) Being able to identify different aspects of LTM allows psychologists to target certain kinds of memory in order to improve people’s lives. (Evidence) Belleville et al. (2006) demonstrated that episodic memories could be improved in older people who had mild cognitive impairment. (Elaboration) Trained participants performed better on an episodic memory test after training when compared to a control group. (Link) …. Link: Episodic memory is the type of memory most often affected by mild cognitive impairment; identifying different types of LTM is useful because it enables specific treatments to be developed.

Neuroimaging evidence (Point) Evidence from brain scan studies suggests that different parts of the brain are associated with the storage of different types of memory. (Evidence) Tulving et al. (1994) asked participants to perform various memory tasks while their brains were scanned using a PET scanner. (Elaborate) What did Tulving find? (Link) How does Tulving’s findings support the point being made here?

Clinical evidence (Point), (Evidence), (Elaboration) (Link) This evidence supports Tulving’s view that there are different memory stores in LTM because one store can be damaged and the others can be affected. This is clear evidence that not only are these types of memories different, but that they are stored in different parts of the brain.