Chemical Compounds in Cells Elements – Any substance that can not be broken down into simpler substances. Made up of atoms (building blocks of matter) Compounds – When two or more elements chemically combine. Organic – Made up of carbon. Inorganic – Does not have carbon.

H2OH2O Why Water? Water makes up 2/3 of your body. Dissolves chemicals. Chemical reactions can’t take place without it. Help keep cell size and shape. Keeps temperature stable.

Organic Compounds: Carbohydrates Organic compounds : “Food” for the cell and help in growth and development of cell structures. 1.) Carbohydrates – energy-rich organic compound made of C, H and O. Ex: Sugars and Starches

Proteins 2.) Proteins – Large organic molecule made of H, C, O, N and sometimes S. Ex: Meats, beans, eggs, fish -Proteins are made up of amino acids – 20 common amino acids can combine to make thousands of different proteins. -A protein called an enzyme speeds up chemical reactions in the cells.

Lipids (Fats) 3.) Lipids - Energy-rich organic compound made of C, H and O. They store energy for the cell. Ex: fats, oils and waxes

Nucleic Acids 4.) Nucleic Acids – Very long organic molecules made of C, O, H, N and P. Contain instructions cells need for life. a.) DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid): genetic material carried from parent to offspring. b.) RNA (Ribonucleic acid): plays a role in the production of proteins.

The Cell and It’s Environment Passive Transport Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion Active Transport Active transport Endocytosis Exocytosis

The Cell and Its Environment Passive Transport – When the cell does not use its own energy to move molecules across a membrane.

Diffusion 1.Diffusion – Method in which small molecules move across a semi- permeable membrane. *Molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached. hill.com/sites/ /student_view0/chapter2/animation__h ow_diffusion_works.html

Cont…… 2.Osmosis – The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane. QEc QEc ture=related hill.com/sites/ /student_view0/chapter 2/animation__how_osmosis_works.html

Facilitated Diffusion Transport proteins move larger molecules from an area of high to low concentration. hill.com/sites/ /student_view0/chapter 2/animation__how_facilit ated_diffusion_works.htm l

Movement Using Energy Active Transport – When the cell does use its own energy to move molecules across a membrane by using Transport Proteins that pick up molecules and pass them in or out. *Can be from low concentration to high. feature=related

Moving Large Particles Endocytosis: Cell Membrane changes shape and engulfs particle. Exocytosis: Cell memebrane changes shape to let particle leave the cell. m/watch?v=W6rnhiMxt KU m/watch?v=W6rnhiMxt KU